...trade are further enhanced by the relationship between domestic federal law and international law. An act of Congress ought never to be construed to...law of nations, if any other possible construction remains.137 However, it is settled constitutional doctrine that Congress may nullify, in whole or in...

...United States further notes that in US law, it is an elementary principle of statutory construction that "an act of Congress ought never to be construed to...nations if any other possible construction remains". Murray v. Schooner Charming Betsy, 6 US (2 Cranch) 64, l l8 (l804). While international obligations...

...Cf. Murray v. The Charming Betsy, 6 US (2 Cranch) 64, 1 18 (1804). Chief Justice Marshall ruled that 'an act of congress ought never to be construed to...nations, if any other possible construction remains . . . .' Id. 162. Shrimp-Turtle, AB Report, supra note 15, Introduction, jl 115. 163. Id., Ill 166-170;...

...Restatement of the Law on the Foreign Relations Law of the United States, volume 1 (3d, 1987), § 114. 81 "An act of Congress ought never to be construed to...nations if any other possible construction remains": Murray v The Schooner Charming Betsy, 6 US 64, 118 (1804). 82 Brandeis J in Ashwander v Tennessee Valley...

...Esq. November 14, 2002 Page 11 Murray v. Schooner Charming Betsy, 6 US (2 Cranch) 64, 1 18 (1804), "an Act of Congress ought never to be construed to...nations if any other possible construction remains." See also Restatement (Third) of the Foreign Relations Law of the United States § 1 14 (1987) ("Where...

...has been a maxim of statutory construction since the decision in Murray v. the Charming Betsy, that an act of Congress ought never to be construed to...nations, if any other possible construction remains"); United States v. Felix-Guitierrez. 940 F.2d 1200, 1204-206 (9'h Cir. 1991). 7 Ford v. United States,...

...principle' must apply in both contexts). 26 See. in the United States, the Charming Betsy doctrine: 'an act of congress ought never to be construed to...nations if any other possible construction remains' (Murray v. Schooner Charming Betsy, 6 US (2 Branch) 64, 118 (1804)) and 'ambiguous statutory provisions...

...shrimp-turtle ruling, the US government argued that the WTO ruling constituted "the law of nations," and that "an act of Congress ought never to be construed to...law of nations, if any other possible construction remains."9 The majority of the US Court of Appeals of the Federal Circuit upheld the government's interpretation...

...jurisdiction. In Murray v. Schooner Charming Betsy, 6 US 64, 118 (1804), Chief Justice Marshall wrote that "an act of Congress ought never to be construed to...law of nations if any other possible construction" exists. And in determining what the law of nations was, in 1815 the Court commented that "I t |he decisions...

...US Constitution, federal statutes, or treaties. As early as 1 804 Chief Justice Marshall stated that "an Act of Congress ought never to be construed to violate the law of nations [customary international law] if any other possible construction remains,"64 and the Restatement (Third)...