...parties together ... a solid mass of steady votes . . . are maintained by fear of [the leaders] — by fear that if you vote against them, you may yourself soon not have a vote at all. (Bagehot 1936: 115-16) Lowell, writing forty years later, noted that "when men recognize that the defeat...

...attachment to particular men, or by a belief in the principles those men represent, and they are maintained by fear of those men - by the fear that if you vote...them, you may yourself soon not have a vote at all' (p. 101). To the fear of dissolution, as a disciplinary weapon of a ministry over its followers, he...