ashore for Christmas, his cutty at a daunting angle and visions of his lass (one of dozens) in the smoke thereof. His like has passed away with the splendor of "The Flying Cloud" and the great masters, Waterman, Palmer, Cressy, and Dumaresq, but his chanties survive with their unconscious pathos and their melody, their delightful braggadocio and their optimism.

William McFee, himself a mastermariner, tells, in his foreword to this book of chanties, of one of the last of the iron men, in command, however, of a ship of steel, after a long retirement, and bewildered by the clever young officers under him and the ceaseless complications of a twentieth-century ship of war. His officers regarded him with mingled affection and pride as a type of officer and master that in a decade or two would be as extinct as the sea dogs of Drake or Grenville. One night there was a ship's entertainment with every member of the crew present to sing a song or to show some trick or other. One by one the officers and men performed and then the old man was asked. And he sang. He sang a deep sea chanty and it filled the ears of the younger men who listened with the voice of a sea they did not know, of a generation of sailormen they would never see again. Unconsciously they realized that inevitably and gloriously the breed had suffered some sea change, and in their own youth and wisdom that they were not too wise. Concerning the actual craft of their day R. Morton Nance has created a book "Sailing Ship Models," containing 125 plates of models of vessels of every period from the fifteenth century to the decline of sails in the latter part of the nineteenth. The models are superb

London: Halton & Truscott Smith. $22.50.

may have figured in any one of the adventures of which Charles Boardman Hawes tells us, blunt nosed and chunky, built for gales and smashing seas. And there is a model of that magnificent American clipper, The Great Republic built at Boston in 1853, the crew of which may well have been the bellowing hearties of Edward Wilson's drawings. In this tril

ogy of books, "Whaling," "Iron Men and Wooden Ships," and Nance's book of models, one may find as much of the knowledge of the sea as it is well for landsmen to know. If they learnt more the sea might yet claim them. A fitting prose sequel to the book of ship models is the "Book of Old Ships," by Henry Culver and illustrated by Gordon Grant.4 and a chronicle of the clipper ship day is Basil Lubbock's "The China Clippers."5 "The Clipper Ship Era" by A. H. Clark is, of course, the greatest authority on the period. In these days of steam even the memory of the tall ships of the last century is fading, but there are still men to be encountered who remember their driving splendor and books to be read that commemorate them.

They have passed into the wardship of History, but they possess their chronicles even though there is no longer within our vision

A gallant ship to windward
A-sailing fast and free.

'Doubleday, Page. $20.
Lauriats. $3.75.

6 Putnam's. $3.50.

T IS Walter Camp's contention (in an article in the October WORLD'S WORK), that for a man under forty to concentrate his athletic ability on golf is an unwise evasion of the more strenuous exercises which should form his diversion in the youthful thirties. Many people may advance in opposition to this, that if played only after two score, golf would be a sad thing, less a game than a penance made more bitter by the fact that youngsters with perfect form score with an ease that is almost a jeer at themselves who fight like lions to break 100. The most cheering refutation of this opinion is the yearly tourney at Apawamis, in which none but golfers fifty-five years old or over may participate in other words, fifteen years after Mr. Camp's appointed time at which to start. In this year's tournament the cards turned in by these men of mellow experience were most of them of a complexion warranted to inflict the pain of extreme envy on golfers twenty-odd years their juniors. One gentleman of between sixty and sixty-four turned in a 78. Two between sixty-five and sixty-nine turned in cards of under 85. Gentlemen of more than seventy holed out on the eighteenth green for scores that ranged from the low 90's to one or two strokes above 100. Many a sturdy youth in his twenties has gone forth equipped with a powerful yet easy swing and a bag containing twentyone or two iron clubs and a half-dozen steel-shafted wooden ones, and after a bitterly fought campaign in and about

sandtraps and rough greens contemplated with horrid astonishment a string of eights, sevens, and nines that total up to a score unmentionable in decent society. And just behind him, perhaps, was a septuagenarian cheerful as a cricket, shooting straight down the fair green with every stroke, for his modest ninety-odd. It is not uncommon for such a youth to desist playing. He should, till he is twenty years older, more or less.

Edward W. Bok was once considered by our correspondent from Fort Wayne, Indiana, one of the wonder men of the age, a sort of literary Edison. But in an evil moment for this admiration, or so article in the WORLD'S WORK for Septemwe are led to suspect, he read Mr. Bok's ber, "When Money Is King and Business Our God." He explains why this article stunned him in a bit of somewhat intricate

etymological reasoning that we publish below. It is a common opinion that any one who makes statements that may bring to light profound truths is a man of infinite courage. The type of man who, like the tragic nondescript of the expedition to capture the Snark,

Would joke with hyænas, returning their stare

With an impudent wag of the head; And he once went a walk, paw-in-paw with a bear,

Just to keep up its spirits, he said.

All with impunity. But he can never

be more intrepid than he should be to face the acid test of derivative and word root.

I can hardly believe my eyes yet when I read in his article, page 480, September WORLD'S WORK, the following:

In fact, the successful outcome of industry depends upon certain moral standards. Take thrift, a higher standard of honor, the keeping of a man's word, steadiness, sobriety, a recognition of honorable dealings-all these have been brought into the life of civilized nations not by Christianity but by Industrialism.

Moral standards-moral is a word from mos, Latin for customs, manners, modes of man. Morals are therefore self-evidently secondary, postquential, sequential-never in any sense antecedent to man or his manner, his customs, his modes. Morals only take on the idea of virtue according as truthfulness, honesty, justice, kindness, generosity, and charity begin to develop and beautify them. Morals may be bad. There can be but one source of truthfulness, honesty, justice, kindness, generosity, and charity, and that is true religion. There can be but one true religion, self-evidently, and that is the system of morals that Christ propagated in his teachings. No other ever tuned in on station GOD and found

the commandment "Thou shalt love thy

neighbor as thyself."

"Not by Christianity but by Industrialism!" What an inversion of reasoning! Nothing great ever found its way into the world or helped to civilize it except through the mind and soul of some one man. Inspiration finds its conduit in the individual-not the mass. But Industrialism is of the mass. It is a collective and composite concept-selfevidently. It is an e-man-ation (from manus, meaning hand) of what the mind and soul of men have directed or willed the hand to do. It is so obviously post quential as to make it absurd to credit it with creative function or influence. It is manifestly what men with minds and souls have made it—not it them. It is merely the result of potentials long antecedent, to "thrift, a higher sense of honor, the keeping of a man's word, steadiness, sobriety, a recognition of honorable dealings"-each of which presupposes brotherhood.

Edward, how could you?

French Strother, who concludes in this issue his series of articles on "The Cause of Crime," writes in the WORLD'S WORK

for December the first of a series of articles on Eugenics. Another subject on which he will have an article is that of chain stores, possibly the most spectacular phase of the tremendous development in recent years of the handling of small commodity and merchandise by means of neighborhood shops throughout the country.

"The Little Read School Marm," by Ernest Greenwood, which will appear in the WORLD'S WORK for December, deals with a question at various times widely discussed but still existent. The salaries of teachers and clergymen have long been the cause of much criticism and rightly so, since they are in too many cases entirely inadequate pittances and a reproach to a people who are not distinguished for niggardliness but who somehow have acquired the belief that the two noblest of vocations of service may be pursued on kind words and commendations. It is not surprising that many teachers know little more than their

pupils. How can they fit themselves to instruct when they have but the barest wherewithal of support? It is

not incredible that most of them are actually uneducated, incompetent to act as stenographers or bookkeepers, but this incompetency may be laid at the doors of those parents who refuse to believe that teachers like other beings require the necessities and some of the luxuries of life.

In the WORLD'S WORK for December, Chester H. Rowell, in the first article of a series on the United States Government, makes the point that in Congress to-day there are probably just as many men of ability as there were a quartercentury ago, but that the development of Congressional complications has been such during these twenty-five years that these individuals are not able to achieve distinction. In the ensuing articles he will discuss the question of the appearance of cabinet officers before

114

There are games and games: bootlegging, booklegging, and now that third major sport of one type of individual in this country, immigrant-smuggling. These aliens, unable to enter the country by the usual channels, are guilefully introduced. under the auspices of gangs who do not hesitate to kill their cargoes if the law surprises them. This game is far more exciting than the liquor traffic and it has many followers. James C. Young discusses it in this issue in his article, "Breaking Into the United States.' As he says, it is a colorful trade.

We are fortunate in being able to reproduce in full color in this issue five pictures of the Russian Art exhibition held last winter in New York. The purpose of that exhibition was two-fold, to offer a generous perspective of Russian æsthetic activity and to render material assistance to those Russian artists who are actually in severe want. To those of us who witnessed the pictures, there was one thing that impressed us above all others: a vitality and a gorgeous and living handling of color the more striking for the fact that, in the exhibitions of the work of two distinguished men being held at the same time, these characteristics were less noticeable than any other. The art as exemplified by these pictures is perhaps less easy to understand for the layman of this country than is the art of Besnard or Sargent. It is less restrained, infinitely more ebullient. But it is, for the same reason, possibly, infinitely more refreshing. One left the galleries feeling that one had been privileged to see sincere

creation, tremendously interesting and potentially extremely significant.

Boris Kustodiev, whose portrait of Feodor Shaliapin forms the frontispiece of the magazine, is a member of the Academy of Fine Arts of Petrograd and has exhibited widely in Europe since 1902. He studied at the Academy under Repin. Nikolai Bogdanov-Bielski, also a member of the Academy, has exhibited since 1889 in Russia and Germany.

Sergei Vinogradov has exhibited in Russia since 1892 and in Paris and Berlin, where in 1909 he won the gold medal of the international exhibition of that year. He, as well, is a member of the Academy.

The questionnaire study to which he refers listed the causes alleged by 116 women who were unhappy in their married life, but very few of whom had sought for a remedy in divorce. Of the 134 reasons alleged for unhappiness, only 27 per cent. were stated as directly due to sexual maladjustment. In this connection I referred to the fact that Judge Hoffman had

publicly stated that he believed sexual maladjustment to be the real difficulty in the majority of divorce cases. majority of divorce cases. I am positive that I did not use the term "physical mismating," because it is only one and perhaps a very minor one of the factors which may be included in the term "sexual maladjustment," and I certainly did not quote Judge Hoffman as having used this expression. Sexual maladjustment involves very many factors. My reason for objecting to Mr. Hartt's phrasing of the matter is that the phrase he uses does not express my own belief, for I do not believe any such statement would be scientific.

Very truly yours, KATHARINE BEMENT DAVIS.