3-D Structural Geology: A Practical Guide to Quantitative Surface and Subsurface Map InterpretationSpringer Science & Business Media, 2006 M07 9 - 400 páginas Geological structures are three dimensional, yet are typically represented by, and - terpreted from, outcrop maps and structure contour maps, both of which are curved two-dimensional surfaces. Maps plus serial sections, called 21⁄2-D, provide a closer approach to three dimensionality. Computer technology now makes it possible for geological interpretations to be developed from the beginning in a fully three dim- sional environment. Fully 3-D geological models allow significantly better interpre- tions and interpretations that are much easier to share with other geologists and with the general public. This book provides an overview of techniques for constructing structural interpretations in 2-D, 21⁄2-D and 3-D environments; for interpolating - tween and extrapolating beyond the control points; and for validating the final int- pretation. The underlying philosophy is that structures are three-dimensional solid bodies and that data from throughout the structure, whether in 2-D or 3-D format, should be integrated into an internally consistent 3-D interpretation. It is assumed that most users of this book will do their work on a computer. C- sequently, the book provides quantitative structural methods and techniques that are designed for use with spreadsheets, mapping software, and three-dimensional c- puter-graphics programs. The book is also intended to provide the background for understanding what interpretive software, for example, a computer contouring p- gram, does automatically. Most techniques are presented in both a traditional format appropriate for paper, pencil, and a pocket calculator, and in quantitative format for use with spreadsheets and computer-graphics or computer-aided-design programs. |
Dentro del libro
Resultados 1-5 de 60
Página xvi
... Vectors 378 12.4.3 Line of Intersection between Two Planes 12.4.4 Plane Bisecting Two Planes . 379 380 References Cited 383 Index 393 Elements of Map-Scale Structure 1.1 Introduction The primary objective of XVI Contents.
... Vectors 378 12.4.3 Line of Intersection between Two Planes 12.4.4 Plane Bisecting Two Planes . 379 380 References Cited 383 Index 393 Elements of Map-Scale Structure 1.1 Introduction The primary objective of XVI Contents.
Página 10
... intersection of a hinge line with the cross section . A circular domain ( Fig . 1.12b ) is defined here as a region in which beds approximate a portion of a circular arc . If multiple surfaces in a circular domain have the same center ...
... intersection of a hinge line with the cross section . A circular domain ( Fig . 1.12b ) is defined here as a region in which beds approximate a portion of a circular arc . If multiple surfaces in a circular domain have the same center ...
Página 17
... intersection is approxi- mately or exactly parallel to the fold axis and can be used to help determine the axis . Folds produced by an unequal distribution of forces in transverse contraction ( Fig . 1.22 ) are termed forced folds ...
... intersection is approxi- mately or exactly parallel to the fold axis and can be used to help determine the axis . Folds produced by an unequal distribution of forces in transverse contraction ( Fig . 1.22 ) are termed forced folds ...
Página 18
... intersection should be parallel to the fold axis . Bending fractures might occur in any type of fold . 1.6 Faults A fault ( Fig . 1.29 ) is a surface or narrow zone across which there has been relative dis- placement of the two sides ...
... intersection should be parallel to the fold axis . Bending fractures might occur in any type of fold . 1.6 Faults A fault ( Fig . 1.29 ) is a surface or narrow zone across which there has been relative dis- placement of the two sides ...
Página 19
... intersection line of a dike and a bed surface at the fault plane fault footwall hangingwall hangingwall cutoff footwall cutoff across a fault . It may be difficult to distinguish between a shear zone and a fault zone on the basis of ...
... intersection line of a dike and a bed surface at the fault plane fault footwall hangingwall hangingwall cutoff footwall cutoff across a fault . It may be difficult to distinguish between a shear zone and a fault zone on the basis of ...
Contenido
8 | |
18 | |
24 | |
30 | |
Geologic Mapping in | 36 |
3 | 41 |
4 | 49 |
9 | 57 |
6 | 132 |
33 | 159 |
Properties of Faults | 181 |
Stratigraphic Separation | 211 |
Faulted Surfaces | 219 |
8 | 252 |
DipSequence Analysis | 265 |
Quality Control 285 | 284 |
3 | 65 |
5 | 76 |
7 | 85 |
2 | 98 |
Fold Geometry | 109 |
Structural Validation Restoration and Prediction | 305 |
Direction Cosines and Vector Geometry | 373 |
References Cited | 383 |
Index | 393 |
Otras ediciones - Ver todas
3-D Structural Geology: A Practical Guide to Quantitative Surface and ... Richard H. Groshong Vista previa limitada - 2006 |
3-D Structural Geology: A Practical Guide to Quantitative Surface and ... Richard H. Groshong Sin vista previa disponible - 2009 |
3-D Structural Geology: A Practical Guide to Surface and Subsurface Map ... Richard H. Groshong Sin vista previa disponible - 2012 |
Términos y frases comunes
anticline apparent dip area-depth axial surface azimuth bed dip bed length bedding attitudes bisects Blount Springs circle conical fold constructed control points cross section curve cutoff lines cylindrical fold data points deformation depth determined dip direction dip vector dip-domain displacement distance domains Easting elevation expansion index fault cut fault cutoff fault dip fault Fig fault surface fold axis footwall geometry graben grid Groshong hangingwall hinge line interpolation interpretation intersection layer-parallel limb linear interpolation lower detachment marker horizon method normal fault Northing orientation outcrop overlay parallel perpendicular pin line planar plane plot plunge lines pole predicted projection regional restoration reverse fault rotation scale Sect simple shear slip stereogram stratigraphic separation strike strike and dip structure contour map syncline tangent diagram technique thickness changes thrust fault tion topographic trace Triangulated irregular network true dip true thickness unconformity unit vertical exaggeration zone