makers, boat-builders, masons, and house-carpenters. The settlement must move onward, and with all its disadvantages it appears a miracle that it should be in such a state of advancement.

17. "An intelligent man, about sixty years of age, with whom I conversed, stated that he had been here about eighteen months, and was getting on cleverly for himself and family, and that on no account would he return to the United States. 'It was true he had not yet the luxuries nor the accommodations which he had been accustomed to in America, but the want of these was not to be brought into competition with his rights and privileges as a man in Liberia; for here only, in the consciousness of having no superior, did he feel himself a MAN, or had he ever before known what it was to be truly happy.'

18. The colonial agent, Dr. Mecklin, who had done much to enlarge the territory and extend the influence of the Colony, returned to the United States, and resigned his office as colonial agent. His health had been impaired by the arduous labors of his station and the influence of the climate. A removal from a tropical region seemed to offer the only hope of his recovery.

CHAPTER XLII.

A NEW AGENT-MISSIONARIES.

1. THE first day of this year, 1834, welcomed the arrival of a new colonial agent, the Rev. J. B. Pinney, which is thus announced in the Liberia Herald for January: “On the 31st ult. the ship Jupiter arrived in our harbor, having on board, as passengers, Rev. J. B. Pinney, recently appointed colonial agent by the Board of Managers of the American Colonization Society, Dr. G. P. Todsen, colonial

physician, Rev. Messrs. Spaulding and Wright, with their
ladies, and Miss Ferington, missionaries of the Methodist
Episcopal Church; Rev. Mr. Laird and lady, Rev. Messrs.
Cloud and Temple, missionaries of the Presbyterian
Church;
and Messrs. Williams and Roberts of this Colony.
The Jupiter also brings out about fifty emigrants.

2. On New Year's day, at ten o'clock A.M., the new
agency boat, recently procured from the United States
ship John Adams, was dispatched to the ship Jupiter for
the colonial agent, Rev. J. B. Pinney. About noon, he
landed at Waring's wharf, where he was received by the.
civil and military officers, and the different uniform com-
panies of the Colony; he was then escorted to the agency-
house, where he was welcomed by the acting agent, G. R.
McGill, Esq. Minute guns were fired from the time the
boat left the ship till she arrived at the wharf." Mr. Pin-
ney had visited Liberia the preceding year as a missionary,
and after examining several places on the coast and in the
interior, and making arrangements for the prosecution of
his work, he returned to the United States to improve his
impaired health, report his prospects, and obtain associates.
in his enterprise.

3. At the earnest solicitation of the Board, he accepted a temporary agency; on his arrival he immediately applied himself to the discharge of his duties, which were arduous indeed. The agency-house and other public buildings needed repairs to render them fit for occupancy. The public store was without trade goods, the provisions were nearly exhausted, the paupers, or those who were a charge on the Colony, were numerous and badly provided for, and the public schooner used in obtaining provisions coastwise, could not be used without expensive repairs.

4. Late changes in the mode of appointing officers, and in the local regulations among the recaptured Africans, who were of different tribes, had produced dissatisfaction, and they were in a state of great disorder. The financial affairs of the Colony were in great derangement. The

4

mode of compensating officers employed by the Society had induced speculation, and orders of the former agent, to the amount of several thousand dollars, were held by colonists clamorous for their pay.

5. The want of correct surveys, maps, and land-marks was a source of great trouble, among both farmers and owners of town lots; the field notes of the original surveys having been lost, it was impossible to settle the bounds of lots; and as the lots and farms had increased. in value, the difficulty was the more felt. Mr. Pinney corrected many abuses, satisfied the public creditors, and relieved the sufferings of the poor, but in accomplishing this he only consolidated the colonial debt by drafts on the treasury of the Society. This debt had been accumulating for the last two years, the funds of the Society being insufficient to meet the expenses of sending out and providing for the unusual number of emigrants which had arrived during that time.

6. To make the expenses on the public buildings, and provide for the various and necessary repairs of the Colony, he was under the necessity of negotiating drafts on the treasury of the Society for $11,000 over and above all means furnished him by the Board of Managers. He succeeded in restoring order among the recaptured Africans, by allowing the Congoes and Eboes each to elect their own civil officers. Although these people had made great advances in civilization, their notions of caste were, to some extent, still retained. The farms and lots were resurveyed and permanent land-marks established. In addition to the emigrants by the Jupiter, another company of about fifty arrived this winter in the Argus. These were the last that came out this year under the patronage of the American Colonization Society.

7. An expedition sent out in the brig Ann, by the Maryland Colonization Society, to form an independent settlement, after visiting Monrovia and Grand Bassa, and taking with them twenty or thirty acclimated citizens, proceeded

to Cape Palmas, where they arrived on the 11th of February. This Society had taken every precaution to insure the success of their colony. They furnished a large stock of trade goods, tools, and agricultural implements; the emigrants were well selected, and the Society was fortunate in securing the services of an excellent agent, Dr. Hall, whom they instructed to exclude ardent spirits in trading with the natives. He succeeded in procuring an eligible tract of land on the Cavally River, well adapted to agriculture, to which employment the industry of the colonists was to be exclusively directed.

8. The native kings, from whom the purchase was made, expressed much satisfaction at the proposal of the Americans to settle among them, and a great desire for the establishment of schools. Messrs. Wilson and Wynkoop, who accompanied the expedition, after taking a survey of the coast from Monrovia to Cape Palmas, with reference to a missionary establishment, returned to the United States.

9. In the summer, the Jupiter returned to Monrovia with stores, agricultural implements, and trade goods to amount of $7,000. Among her passengers were Rev. Ezekiel Skinner, missionary and physician, Dr. McDowall, a physician from Scotland, and Charles H. Webb, one of the colored medical students educated by the Board, and who was to complete the study of his profession in the Colony. Mr. Searle and Mr. Finley, both young men of liberal education, came out as teachers, under the patronage of the Ladies' Association of New York city.

10. Mr. Pinney's health was so bad during this summer as to render him incapable of attending to his public duties, and several works and improvements which he had commenced were consequently retarded or suspended. Dr. Skinner was employed to aid in the transaction of public business, while, at the same time, he successfully pursued the practice of his profession as a physician, and attended to his missionary duties.

11. Mr. Seys, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, ap

pointed to the charge of their Liberia mission, arrived in October. A more judicious selection could scarcely have been made. A native of the West Indies, he had nothing to fear from the climate; was acquainted with the agriculture of tropical latitudes, experienced in business, industrious and persevering, conciliating in his manners, and a zealous Christian. He visited the various settlements, and in a few weeks after his arrival had established a school at New Georgia, in which twenty-eight children and fiftyeight adults were taught, and one at Edina with fortythree scholars.

12. The colonial council had passed an ordinance for the suspension of the public schools, until some plan should be devised for conducting them more successfully. There was a great want of suitable teachers, school-books, and stationery; and besides, the council wished to appropriate the public funds to the erection of a new court-house and jail. The girls' schools, at Monrovia and Caldwell, were flourishing. An interesting notice was given of them in the following extract of a letter, written by an old and respectable colonist: "I am happy to inform you that the schools supported by the ladies of Philadelphia continue to exert the most beneficial influence on our rising generation, and many will live to bless the name of Beulah SanWe had an exhibition of Mrs. Thompson's school, in the Methodist meeting-house, and I can not express the great interest felt on the occasion.

som.

13. Our warehouses were shut up, so that all might attend. It was very largely attended, although each had to pay twelve and a half cents. Mr. Eden's school, at New Georgia, among the recaptured Africans, is doing well. Our new and excellent Governor Pinney is quite indefati gable in his labors to push forward the interests of the Colony, and strongly reminds us of the sainted Ashmun. He has determined upon taking measures to re-establish a public farm near Caldwell, on the plan of Mr. Ashmun, where all idle persons and vagrants may be placed. Many