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hills being covered with plantations of vines, which are green when all kinds of herbage, except here and there, are burnt up which was the cafe at this time.

We continued on this ifland only five days, during which time the feafon was the worft in the year for fearching after natural curiofities: however, the two gentlemen, Dr. Solander and Mr. Banks, pushed their excurfions about three miles from the town, and collected a few plants in flower, by the obliging attention of Dr. Heberden, the chief phyfician of the island, and brother to Dr. Heberden of London.

The inhabitants of Madeira have no other articles. of trade than wine, which is made by preffing the juice out in a fquare wooden veffel. The fize of this is proportioned to the quantity of wine; and the fervants, having taken off their ftockings and jackets, get into it, and with their elbows and feet prefs out as much of the juice as they can.

Nature has been very liberal in her gifts to Madeira. The inhabitants are not without ingenuity, but they want induftry. The foil is fo very rich, and there is fuch a variety in the climate, that there is fcarcely any article either of the neceffaries or luxuries of life, which cannot probably be cultivated here. On the hilis, walnuts, chefnuts, and apples flourish, almoft without culture, Pine-apples, mangoes, guanas, and bananas, grow almoft fpontaneously in the town. They have beef, mutton, and pork remakably good, and the captain took fome of the former on board for his own use.

Funchiale is fituate at the bottom of a bay, and though it is extensive in proportion to the refl of the ifland, it is but poorly built, and the ftreets are narrow and badly paved. The churches are full of ornaments, with pictures and images of faints. There are many high hills in this ifland; Porto Ruivo in particular is near 5100 feet high. height thefe hills are covered with

To a certain vines, above

which are numbers of chefnuts and pine trees; and above these again whole forefts of various forts of The number of inhabitants in Madeira are computed to amount to about 10,000; and the cuf tom house duties produce to the king of Portugal, a revenue of 20,000l. a year. The currency of the island is in Spanish.

On the 19th of September we failed from Madeira, and on the 21ft we faw the islands called the Salvages, northward of the Canaries. The principal of these was about five leagues to the fouth half weft. On the 23d the Peak of Teneriffe bore weft by fouth half fouth. The height of this mountain is 15,396 feet, which is but 148 yards lefs than three miles.

On the 7th of October Mr. Banks went out in a boat, and caught what our failors call a Portaguefe man of war; together with feveral fhell fishes, which, are always found floating upon the water.

On the 25th we croffed the 'line with the ufual ceremonies; and as provifions by this time began to grow fhort, we refolved to put into the harbour of Rio de Janeiro; and on the 8th of November we faw. the coaft of Brafil. We ftood off along thore till the 12th, having in view fucceffively Cape Thomas, and an ifland juft without Cape Frio, and then made fail for Rio de Janeiro on the 13th in the morning.

On the 14th Capt. Cook went on fhore, and obtained leave to furnish the fhip with provifions: but this permiffion was clogged with the conditions of employing an inhabitant as a factor, and of fending a foldier in the Endeavour's boat every time fhe came from fhore to the veffel. To thefe uncivil terms the Captain made many objections; but the viceroy was determined to infift on them, neither would he permit Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander to remain on fhore, nor fuffer the former to go up the country to colet plants. Captain Cook conceiving from thefe 1 other marks of jealousy, that the viceroy thoughthey

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were come to trade, ufed all his endeavours to con vince him to the contrary; and acquained him, that they were bound to the South Seas, to obferve the tranfit of Venus over the disk of the fun, an object of of great confequence to the improvement of navigation; but the viceroy by his answer seemed ignorant of the phænomenon. An officer was now appointed to attend the Captain, which order he was defired to understand as an intended compliment; however, when he would have declined fuch a ceremony, the viceroy very politely forced it upon him.

Dr. Solander and Mr. Banks were not a little chagrined on hearing that they would not be permitted to refide on fhore, and still more fo when they underflood that they were not even allowed to quit the fhip; for the viceroy had ordered, that the captain only, with fuch failors as were required by their duty, fhould come on fhore. However, they attempted to go on fhore, but were stopped by the guard-boat; yet feveral of the crew, without the knowledge of the centinel, let themfelves down by a rope from the cabin window into the boat about midnight, and drove away with the tide, till they were out of hearing. They afterwards landed on an unfrequented part of the country, and were treated by the inhabitants with great civility.

Capt. Cook, uneafy with the reftrictions of the viceroy, remonftrated with him; but the latter would return no other answer but that the king his master's orders must be obeyed. The captain thus repulfed, and much displeased, refolved to go no more on fhore, rather than whenever he did fo, to be treated as a prifoner in his own boat; for the officer who was fo polite as to accompany him, conftantly attended him, both to and from fhore. Two memorials were now drawn up and prefented to the viceroy, one written by the captain, and the other by Mr. Banks; but the anfwers returned were by no means fatisfactory. Se

veral papers paffed between them and the viceroy to no good purpose; from whence the captain thought it neceffary in order to vindicate his own compliance, to urge the viceroy to an act of force in the execution of his orders. For this purpose he fent Lieut. Hicks with a packet, giving him his orders not to admit of a guard in his boat. As this gentleman was refolved to obey his captain's commands, the officer of the guard board did not oppofe him by force, but acquainted the viceroy with what had happened, on which the lieutenant was fent away with the packet unopened. When returned, he found a guard of foldiers placed in the boat, and infifted on their quitting it. Whereupon the officer feized the boat's crew, and conducted them under an escort to prifon, and the lieutenant was sent back to the fhip guarded. When the captain was informed of this tranfaction, he wrote to the viceroy to demand his boat and her crew, inclofing the memorial which Mr. Hicks his lieutenant had brought back. These papers he fent by a petty officer, to avoid continuing the dispute concerning the guard, which must have been kept up by a commiffioned officer. An answer was now proposed by the viceroy; but before this could arrive, the long boat, which had four pipes of rum on board, was driven to the windward, (the rope breaking that was thrown from the fhip) together with a fmall skiff that was fastened to the boat. Immediate orders were given for manning the yawl, which being dispatched accordingly with proper directions, returned and brought the people on board the next morning; from whom Capt. Cook learned that the long-boat having filled with water, they had brought her to a grappling, and quitted her, and falling in with a reef of rocks on her return, they were forced to cut the fastenings of Mr. Banks's little boat, and fent her adrift. The captain now difpatched another letter to his excellency, wherein he informed him of the accident, defired he would affift him with

a boat to recover his own, and, at the fame time, re newed his demand of the delivery of the pinnace and her crew. The viceroy granted the request, but in his answer to the captain's remonftrance, fuggefted fome doubts, that he entertained, whether the Endeavour was really a king's fhip, and accused the crew of fmuggling. Captain Cook, in his reply, faid, that he was willing to fhew his commiffion, adding, if any attempt fhould be made to carry on a contraband trade, he requested his excellency would order the offender to be taken into cuftody. The difpute being thus terminated, Mr. Banks attempted to elude the vigilance of the guard, which he found means to do, and got fafe on fhore on the 26th in the morning. He took care to avoid the town, and paffed the day in the fields, where he could beft gratify his curiofity. Mr. Banks found the country peopleinclined to treat with him civily, and was invited to their habitations. But it was afterwards heard, that search had been making for this gentleman when abfent. He and Dr. Solander therefore refolved to run no more rifques in going on fhore, while they remained at this place.

On the ift of December, having taken in water and provifions, we got, with leave from the viceroy, apilot on board; but the wind prevented us from putting to fea.. A Spanish packet from Buenos Ayres, bound for Spain, arriving the next day, the captain of her with great politeness offered to take our letters to Europe. The favour of which was accepted, and captain Cook delivered into his hands a packet for the fecretary of the Admiralty, containing copies of all the papers that had paffed between him and the viceroy, leaving the duplicates with his excellency.

On the 5th we weighed anchor, and towed down the bay, but were stopped at Santa Cruz, the principal fortification, the order from the viceroy, to let us pafs, by an unaccountable negligence, not having

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