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TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.-THE EARTH.
1. Geography defined.
SECTION I.-THE EARTH CONSIDERED AS A PLANET.
-
2...4. Figure of the Earth.-5. Magnitude.
6. Place in the Solar System.-7, 8. Diurnal and
Annual Motions.-9...15. Geographical Circles. 16, 17. The Seasons.-18...20. Latitude and Lon-
gitude.-21. Time and Longitude.-22. Points of the
Compass.-23. Terrestrial Magnetism
PAGES
2-12
SECTION II.-GENERAL DISTRIBUTION OF LAND AND WATER.
24. Worlds.-25. Continents, &c.-26. Oceans.——
27. Seas, &c.-28. Land and Water in the Northern
and Southern Hemispheres.-29. General Features
of the Old and New Worlds.-30. Surface of the
Earth. 31...35. Plains and Deserts. - 36...39.
Mountains.-40...46. The Ocean.-47...52. Rivers.
-53...55. Changes of Land and Water.-56. Earth-
quakes.-57. Volcanoes.
SECTION III.-THE ATMOSPHERE.
12-26
58, 59. Winds.-60. Trade Winds.-61. Peri-
odical Winds. - 62. Variable Winds.-63. Local
Winds.-64. Velocity of Winds.-65...69. Climate.
-70. Climate of Europe.-71. Climate of Asia.-
72. Climate of Africa.-73. Climate of America. . 26-34
SECTION IV.-DISTRIBUTION OF VEGETABLES.
74. Distribution of Vegetables generally.-75. In
the Torrid Zone.-76. In the Temperate Regions.-
77. In the Frigid Regions.-78. Between the Iso-
thermal Lines.-79. On Mountains .
34-38
SECTION V.-DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS.
80. Over the Globe generally.-81...96. In the
fourteen Zoological Kingdoms .
SECTION VI.-GEOGRAPHY OF MANKIND.
97. Varieties of the Human Race.-98. Blumen-
bach's Classification.-99. The Caucasian variety.-
100. The Mongolian variety.-101. The Ethiopic
variety.102. The Malayan variety.-103. The
Transatlantic variety. - 104...106. Unity of the
Human Race.-107. Families of Mankind in Asia.
-108. In Europe. 109. In Africa.-110. In
America.
38-43
44-52
CHAPTER II.-EUROPE.
SECTION 1.-GENERAL VIEW.
111, 112. Situation and Limits.-113. Seas.-
114. Gulphs and Bays.-115. Straits.-116. Islands
in the Atlantic.-117. In the Mediterranean.-118.
In the Baltic.-119. In the Arctic Ocean.-120.
Continental Outline.-121. Peninsulas.-122. Capes.
-123. Mountains.-124. The Alpine System.-125.
The Pyrenees.-126. The Dofrines.-127, 128.
Plains and Valleys.-129. Rivers.-130. Their com-
parative lengths.-131. The Danube.-132. Lakes.
-133. Political Divisions.-134. Empires.-135.
Kingdoms. 136. Grand Duchies.-137. Duchies.-
138. Republics.-139. Free Towns.-140. "The
Five Great Powers"
SECTION II.-THE BRITISH EMPIRE.
141. British Empire.-142. Situation and Boun-
daries. 143. Boundaries, &c. of England and Wales.
-144. Of Scotland.-145. Of Ireland.-146...148.
General Description of England.-149. Of Scotland.
-150. Of Ireland.-151...155. Produce, Manufac-
tures, and Commerce.-156...160. Constitution and
52-60
Government.-161. Civil Divisions of England and
Wales.-162. Circuits.-163. Civil Divisions of Scot-
land.-164. Civil Divisions of Ireland.-165. Colo-
nies and Foreign Dependencies of Great Britain.
SECTION III.-FRANCE.
166. Situation and Boundaries.-167. General De-
scription.-168. Produce, Manufactures, and Com-
merce.-169. Constitution and Government.-170.
Provinces and Departments.-171. Colonies and Fo-
reign Possessions
SECTION IV.-SWITZERLAND.
172. Situation and Boundaries.-173. General De-
scription.-174. Produce, Manufactures, and Com-
merce. 175. Constitution and Government.-176.
Cantons
SECTION V.-BELGIUM.
177. Situation and Boundaries.-178. General
Description.-179. Produce, Manufactures, and Com-
merce.-180. Constitution and Government.-181.
Provinces and Chief Towns
SECTION VI.-HOLLAND.
General
182. Situation and Boundaries.-183.
Description.-184. Produce, Manufactures, and
Commerce.-185. Constitution and Government.-
186. Provinces and Chief Towns.-187. Colonies
and Foreign Possessions
SECTION VII.-GERMANY.
188. Situation and Boundaries.-189. General
Description.-190. Produce, Manufactures, and Com-
merce.-191. Government and Institutions.-192.
Confederated States.-193. Chief Towns
SECTION VIII.-AUSTRIAN EMPIRE.
194. Situation and Boundaries.-195. Topo-
graphical Divisions.-196, 197. German Countries
FAGES
60-79
79-86
86-88
88-90
90-92
92-96
of the Austrian Empire.-198. Kingdom of Galicia.
-199,200. Hungarian Countries.-201. Produce,
Manufactures, and Commerce.-202. Government
and Institutions.-203. Governments and Chief
Towns
96-102
SECTION IX.-PRUSSIA.
204. Situation and Boundaries.-205. General
Description. 206. Produce, Manufactures, and
Commerce.-207. Government and Institutions.-
208. Political Divisions and Chief Towns
SECTION X.-DENMARK.
209. Situation and Boundaries.-210. General
Description.-211. Produce, Manufactures, and
Commerce.-212. Government and Institutions.--
213. Provinces and Chief Towns.-214. Foreign
Possessions
102-104
104-106
SECTION XI.-SWEDEN AND NORWAY.
215. Situation and Boundaries.-216. General
Description. 217. Produce, Manufactures, and
Commerce.-218. Government and Institutions.
219. Political Divisions and Chief Towns
SECTION XII.-RUSSIA IN EUROPE.
220. Situation and Boundaries.-221. General
Description.-222. Produce, Manufactures, and
Commerce.-223. Government and Institutions.-
224. Political Divisions and Chief Towns .
SECTION XIII.-SPAIN AND PORTUGAL.
225. Situation and Boundaries.-226. General
Description.-227. Produce, Manufactures, and
Commerce.-228. Government and Institutions of
Spain. 229. Of Portugal.-230. Provinces and
Chief Towns of Spain.-231. Of Portugal.-232.
Foreign Possessions of Portugal
106-109
109-111
112-116
SECTION XIV.-ITALY.
233. Situation and Boundaries.-234. General
Description.-235. Produce, Manufactures, and
Commerce.-236. Government and Institutions.-
237. Political Divisions and Chief Towns
SECTION XV.-TURKEY IN EUROPE.
238. Situation and Boundaries.-239. General
Description.-240. Produce, Manufactures, and
Commerce.-241. Government and Religion.—
242. Political Divisions and Chief Towns
SECTION XVI.-GREECE.
243. Situation and Boundaries.-244. General
Description.-245. Produce, Manufactures, and
Commerce.-246. Government.- -247. Political
Divisions and Chief Towns .
SECTION XVII.-IONIAN ISLANDS.
248. General Description
116-118
119-121
121-123
123
CHAPTER III.-ASIA.
SECTION I.-GENERAL VIEW.
249. Situation and Limits.-250. Seas and
Gulphs.-251. Straits.-252. Islands.-253. Con-
tinental Outline.-254. Continental Surface.-255.
Mountains.-256. Rivers.-257. Lakes.- 258.
Countries
124-127
SECTION II.-TURKEY IN ASIA.
259. Situation and Boundaries.-260. General De-
scription.-261. Produce, Manufactures, and Com-
merce.-262. Political Divisions and Chief Towns.
-263. Jerusalem.
127-131