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AMERICAN, EUROPEAN, & ORIENTAL LITERARY RECORD

A Register of the most Important Works Published in North and South America,
India, China, Europe, and the British Colonies;

With Occasional Notes on German, Dutch, Danish, French, Italian, Spanish,
Portuguese, Russian, and Hungarian Literature.

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Messrs. TRÜBNER & Co., 57 and 59, Ludgate Hill, London, have imported, or can supply, all Works mentioned in this Literary Record. Intending purchasers having any difficulty in procuring them, should communicate direct with the Publishers of it. It would be imprudent to import many works in large quantities; but all specified can be supplied if a reasonable time be allowed, excepting those containing copyright matter, or in any way infringing British copyright law.

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Messrs. TRÜBNER & Co. are the appointed Agents for the Sale of the following Official and other

Authorized Publications.

Publications of Her Majesty's Stationery Office under the Direction of

THE WAR OFFICE THE MASTER OF THE ROLLS-THE MASTER OF THE ROLLS IN IRELAND- -THE LORD CLERK REGISTRAR OF SCOTLAND-THE LORDS OF H.M. PRIVY COUNCIL THE LORDS OF H.M. TREASURYTHE LORDS OF THE ADMIRALTY-THE CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSIONERS THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND-THE HOME OFFICE THE REGISTRAR OF TRADE MARKS THE OFFICE OF LAND REGISTRY-H.M. EMIGRATION COMMISSIONERS' -THE MUSEUM OF PRACTICAL GEOLOGY.

THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM-THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA THE GOVERNMENT OF MADRAS -THE GOVERNMENT OF BOMBAY THE GEOGRAPHICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE INDIA OFFICE THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA—THE ARCHæological Survey of India—THE ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WESTERN INDIA THE INDIAN METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE THE TRUSTEES OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM THE GOVERNMENT OF NEW SOUTH Wales The GOVERNMENT OF VICTORIA-THE GOVERNMENT OF NEW ZEALAND-THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND)— -THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL THE BOMBAY BRANCH OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY-The CEYLON BRANCH OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY-THE NORTH CHINA BRANCH OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY-THE STRAITS BRANCH OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY-THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF JAPAN-THE ROYAL SOCIETY-THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES-THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES-THE COMMITTEE OF THE PALESTINE EXPLORATION FUND-THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY THE ENGLISH DIALECT SOCIETY THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND THE BALLAD SOCIETY-THE CHAUCER SOCIETY-THE BRITISH ARCHEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION THE HOLBEIN SOCIETY THE DANTE SOCIETY (U.S.A.)—THE NEW SHAKSPERE SOCIETY THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETYTHE ICELANDIC SOCIETY-THE SOCIETY OF BIBLICAL ARCHEOLOGY—— -THE SANSKRIT TEXT SOCIETY-THE PALI TEXT SOCIETY-THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LITERATURE THE BROWNING SOCIETY-THE SOCIETY OF HEBREW LITERATURE THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GLASGOW-THE BRITISH HOMEOPATHIC SOCIETYTHE CAMBRIDGE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY THE SUNDAY SOCIETY-THE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTE THE AMATEUR MECHANICAL SOCIETY-THE AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATION.

CHINESE PHILOSOPHY.

The Mind of Mencius, or Political Economy founded upon Moral Philosophy. By the Rev. E. Faber. Translated from the German by the Rev. A. B. Hutchinson. ("Trübner's Oriental Series," London, 1882.)

The Divine Classic of Nan-Hua, being the Works of Chuang Tsze, Taoist Philosopher. By Frederic H. Balfour. (London, Trübner & Co., 1881.)

The great activity now prevailing in Anglo-Chinese literature has been brought home to us with more than usual force during the closing weeks of the year in the shape of two solid and valuable contributions in the departments of moral and political science. Mr. Faber, whose name is already well known as a Sinologue of the first class, has been at the pains to arrange the indigesta moles of the teachings of Mencius in a popular and convenient form, by means of which arrangement the student, whether of political economy or of ethics, will in future be in a position to consult his author rapidly and exhaustively on any given subject. This is not all. Mr. Faber has set these teachings in a light running commentary of his own, the result being a most interesting volume for the arm-chair as well as a mere occasional work of reference for the book-shelves. The English reader may now find out for himself, with a minimum of effort, what Mencius actually thought and taught, on many topics which are even now, and likely to remain, under the public gaze. The obligations between the people and their rulers, national education, commerce, taxes, war, social relations, the virtues, destiny, belief in a Supreme Being,-these are a few of the momentous questions treated by the sage

who was admittedly second only to Confucius, and whose utterances condescend more to a logical fulness of expression than the sledge-hammer apophthegms of the latter. It would be impossible to give, in the short space here at com. mand, extracts sufficient to satisfy either our readers or ourselves. We must rest content with having indicated in these columns a source whence all may draw at their leisure.

And, similarly, it is a matter of great regret that we are unable to do more than briefly to call attention to the equally valuable work of Mr. Balfour. His hero, Chuang Tsze, was another Chinese philosopher, who flourished several hundred years before the Christian era, contemporaneously in fact with Mencius, and who, by education a follower of Confucius, struck out a new and original course for himself, indulging in paradox, satire, and every weapon of the kind, to a degree quite unheard of among the ancient and steady-going literati of China. With him "authority" went for naught. Wherever a bald head peeped out, even were it that of the Throneless king himself, there was Chuang Tsze with his shillelagh, only too ready to strike. As a paradoxer he was pre-eminent, arguing that to take pleasure in holiness is simply to become versed in various accomplishments: taking pleasure in knowledge is to become apt in picking holes in other men's coats." How he worked out his singular theories we recommend our readers to discover for themselves in the pages of the elegantlywritten translation now made available, and for the first time, to all the educated world. The book is dedicated to "Dr. Reinhold Rost by an old pupil."

A NEW SANSKRIT

MR. Anondoram Borooah, of the Bengal Civil Service, intends to publish a comprehensive Sanskrit Grammar in twelve volumes royal octavo. Its object will be to simplify the rules as far as possible; to illustrate them fully from the existing literature both ancient and modern; to give a complete commentary on all the Veds, and to lay the foundations for a critical examination of the language in all the philological and indirectly historical bearings.

1. The first volume will be the preface to the series, and will contain a thorough examination of the native grammarians. All the rules of Panini will be quoted in my order and translated and explained in the spirit of his distinguished commentators with elucidatory citations and reproductions of modificatory views, whether found in them or in later grammarians. At the same time references will be given to the body of my work where my views are stated and the amount of evidence on which they rest, including in some cases the language of the very grammarians who have laid down antagonistic injunctions. Other old works bearing on the structure of the language, such as the Unadi Sūtras, will also be quoted and commented on. At the end of the volume, tables will be given, showing the order in which the sutras are quoted, explaining the technical terms and the sutras where they occur and so forth. This volume will consist of about 1000 pages.

2. The second volume will treat of letters and their changes. It will consist of about 500 pages.

3. The third volume will treat of derivations from roots both primary and secondary. It will consist of about 2000 pages.

4. The fourth volume will treat of secondary derivatives, and will consist of about 1000 pages.

5. The fifth volume will treat of compounds and will consist of 500 pages.

6. The sixth volume will treat of declension and will consist of about 500 pages.

7. The seventh volume will treat of verbs and will consist of about 2000 pages.

GRAMMAR.

8. The eighth volume will treat of accent and will consist of about 500 pages.

9. The ninth volume will treat of syntax and will consist of about 500 pages.

10. The tenth volume will treat of prosody and will consist of about 500 pages.

11. The eleventh volume will treat of rhetoric and will consist of about 500 pages.

12. The twelfth volume will be the index and will consist of about 2000 pages. It is hoped this Index will be a more complete registration of Sanskrit words than any Sanskrit dictionary yet published.

13. Exercises from printed works will be given for correction, so that the rules may be thoroughly comprehended.

14. The work will be published after the materials for the first nine volumes are collected, but not necessarily in the order here indicated. The materials already collected enable me to state that even in the simplest matters, such as letters, simple combination, declension of masculine stems in shorti, I shall be able to produce facts which are recognized in practice but not touched upon in any Sanskrit grammar I have yet come across.

15. Greatest care will be taken in the selection of examples so that there may be on the one hand no mistake about the gender and feminine stems of words, and on the other a sufficient variety from the different stages of Sanskrit literature. The principles of selection will be explained at the beginning of each volume.

16. Being free from official duties, I am enabled to devote my entire energies to this work, and several Pundits will assist me in its mechanical execution.

17. To subscribers, the price of each volume will be at the rate of 1 R. 12 as. (in India) or 3s. 6d. (in England) for every 100 pages. To non-subscribers the price will be considerably higher.-ANONDORAM BOROOAH, 49, Cossypoor Road, Calcutta.

LITERARY INTELLIGENCE.

JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY, VOL. XIV. N.S. PART 1.-This Number is again one of singularly rich and varied interest, not only for specialists, but for the general reader. "The Apology of Al Kindy: an Essay on its Age and Authorship," by Sir William Muir, K.C.S.I., LL.D., is the title of the opening article. An account is here given of an Apology for the Christian Religion, written at the Court of the Caliph Al Mâmûn (A.H. 198-218). The original work has lately been published in Arabic by the Turkish Mission Aid Society; and Sir William Muir points out the special features and value of the work, though the identity of the author is still a moot point. Since the reading of his paper

to the Royal Asiatic Society, Sir William Muir has prepared a full analysis of the Apology, with translations of the more important passages, which is now on publication by Messrs. Smith & Elder.-Mr. Lewis Rice contributes a short paper on the poet Pampa, or Hampa as he was called in later times, tracing his genealogy.-Mr. C. J. Rodgers gives a woodcut and account of a Pathan coin of one Shams ud Din Mahmud Shah, of the date 718 A.H., treating also on the historical events of the reign of Kutub ud Din Shah.-Mr. William Simpson, F.R.G. S., describes (with plates) a sculptured Tope on an old stone at Dras, Ladak, from which he argues that the Chinese derived their knowledge of the construction of

the pagoda, by way of Tibet, from India.-Prof. Beal's note on a plate in Mr. Fergusson's "Tree and Serpent Worship' identities the Vaggians of the time of Buddha with the Scythians, and "confirms the idea that the Sakyas, to whom Buddha himself belonged, were a Turanian tribe."-Prof. Jülg, of Innsbruck, contributes a long and interesting letter addressed to R. N. Cust, Esq., on The Present State of Mongolian Researches," in which he enumerates all the literature necessary for a student to become conversant with these singular people.-A Sanskrit Ode to the Berlin Congress of Orientalists is remarkable as proceeding from the pen of a young lady Pandit of Bengal, named Rama-bai. Prof. Monier Williams appends a prose translation, and in a note gives some account of the life of the young lady. The substance of the ode consists of a complaint by "the mother of languages" (ie. Sanskrit) against the substitution of the Roman alphabet for the Sanskrit.-"The Intercourse of China with Eastern Turkestan during the Second Century B.C." is mainly a translation from the 123rd Chapter of the Shi-ki, by Mr. T. W. Kingsmill. The author, Sze-ma Tsien, is compared with Strabo: it is pointed out "that both were careful and critical, and hence have arisen many curious and undesigned coincidences" between the two writers. This is an important and valuable historical narrative. -Mr. G. Bertin's article, "Suggestion on the Formation of the Semitic Tense," is too recondite for us to say anything about; though no doubt to students of Assyrian, Arabic, Hebrew, Chaldee, Coptic, Syriac, Samaritan, Ethiopian, and Egyptian, it will possess much interest; the paper bristles with words in the alphabetical characters of the nine above-mentioned languages, thus illustrating the resources of Messrs. Stephen Austin & Sons' well-known Hertford printing establishment-A short paper from M. Terrien de La Couperie on a "Lolo Manuscript written on Satin" is illustrated by three lithographs. This MS. is the first that has reached Europe in the language and writing of the Lolos, a people almost unknown a few months ago.-We think it is now sufficiently indicated that in the present Part of the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society there is sufficient variety to meet all tastes.

ENGLAND'S DUTY TO INDIA.-Mr. John Murdoch. LL.D., has issued a thoughtful pamphlet respecting England's Duty to India. Mr. Murdoch's contention is that India should be governed by men who know her and have her interests at heart, and also that India should be governed in India. A chapter is devoted to the Opium question, which dwells on the evil effects of the use of opium, and exhibits the writer's view as to how the loss of revenue might be met.

PROFESSOR JACOBI.-We have much pleasure in announcing that Prof. Jacobi, of the University of Munster, will succeed Professor Kielhorn, appointed to the chair of Sanskrit at Göttingen, as Principal of Poona College.

THE REVENUES OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE IN INDIA.-We reprint the following remarks from the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Vol. L. Part I. 1881, respecting the revenues of the Mughal Empire in India, by Edward Thomas, F.R.S., late Bengal C.S. "Indian Numismatists are greatly indebted to Mr. C. J. Rodgers of Amritsar for his contributions of coins supplementary to the Chronicles of the Pathan Kings of Dehli,' and for the careful illustration of the new specimens, by his own hand, which have lately appeared in our journal. In his last paper in part i. vol. xlix. 1880, p. 213, on the Copper Coins of Akbar,' Mr. Rodgers has entered into some speculations on the amount of the State Revenue of that monarch, based upon novel interpretations of the legends on the coins he describes, which seem to me to be open to criticism. I am the more bound to notice these readings and the deductions involved, as they touch a subject of much importance in the Fiscal history of India, which I have endeavoured to elucidate in a separate publication on the Revenue Resources of the Mughal Empire.' I cannot claim that this work was received with much favour, on it first appearance, the returns contrasted so strikingly with the lesser totals obtained from the land in our day, that there was an intuitive tendency to suspect errors in my figures and calculations. However, as Mr. W. W. Hunter remarked in 1872:- Several attempts have been made in India to controvert Mr. Thomas's figures, but so far without success.' And in his latest Lectures on England's Work in India,' the 'Director-General of Statistics to the Government of India embodies them without question in his text, as a basis of comparison with the existing revenues of British India, and adds, indeed, the difficulty of a comparison has arisen not from the absence of information in respect to the Mughal revenues, but for want of exact statements regarding our own.' Mr. Clements Markham, to whom H. M.'s Indian Govern

on the Indian Surveys, in like manner, seems to have fully satisfied himself as to the soundness of my data, which he quotes, in all faith, in his special notice of Akbar's fiscal policy." For the rest of this interesting paper we refer the reader to the journal itself, as quoted above.

ANECDOTA OXONIENSIA.-This is a publication issued by the Clarendon Press at Oxford, in which it is intended to publish from time to time manuscripts in the Bodleian and other Oxford libraries in four series-the Classical, the Semitic, the Aryan, and the Medieval and Modern Series. The Aryan Series, vol. i. part 1, now on our table, contains "Buddhist Texts from Japan," edited by F. Max Müller, M.A., who, in an introduction, gives an interesting account of the discovery of certain Sanskrit Buddhist MSS. in Japan.

AMERICAN ORIENTAL SOCIETY. Proceedings at New Haven, October 26th, 1881. The following communications were presented to the meeting:-1. Notice of F. Delitzsch's views as to the alleged site of Eden, by Prof. C. H. Toy, of Cambridge.-2. On Non-diphthongal e and o in Sanskrit, by Prof. Maurice Bloomfield, of Baltimore, Md.-3. On the Aboriginal Miao-tsz' Tribes of south-western China, with Remarks on the Nestorian Tablet of Si-ngan fu, by Prof. S. Wells Williams, of New Haven 4. On the so-called Henotheism of the Veda, by Prof. W. D. Whitney, of New Haven. -After the usual vote of thanks to the authorities of the Divinity School for the hospitality shown it, the Society adjourned, to meet again in Boston, on the 24th of May next.

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CEYLON ARCHEOLOGY.-A recently issued Council paper contains translations of ancient inscriptions from the Anuradhapura and Hambantota districts, now in the Colombo Museum. Translations of eleven short inscriptions are given. of which six have already appeared in Dr. Goldschmidt's and Dr. Müller's reports, though in some cases the present translations differ slightly from the previous ones, errors being corrected and lacune filled up. In the Tissamaharama inscription Goldschmidt's numerous queries (?) are omitted, and the translation is given as though there were no doubtful points. Until facsimiles of the text are published, however, it will be difficult to judge of the accuracy of the readings. We may mention the remarkable word 'cudi' (? uncle) as an example, the origin of the word being doubtful, Dr. Müller in his Contributions to Sinhalese Grammar giving "kshudra (?)." In the Maha Kalattawa inscription, the words me kap par ha kureli senim isa nawa turæ sængim isa,' which Goldschmidt could only explain by "until in this kalpa and in subsequent ones the female birds. . . ? . . . and the nine planets (i.e. sun, moon, and the seven planets) hide," are translated by Dr. Müller 'for as long as the birds will build their nests and as the nine planets will exist"; and instead of "until a small whirlpool becomes (P) firm," as the rendering of 'kuda sala dal siwim isa,' we have "for so long as the hall will stand," both of which appear to be the correct interpretations. In the second inscription from Dondra, recording the gift of a coco-nut tope and 200 trees to Vishnu, it is enjoined that those who enjoy the fruit of these trees ought, from time to time, to plant seedlings." In the Mayilagastota inscription Dr. Müller has been more cautious than Dr. Goldschmidt, leaving blank parts which the latter had filled up. On the other hand, the Abhayawowa inscription, the translation of which Dr. Müller gave in his 1878 report in an incomplete form, is now given with the lacune filled up, excepting one word, 'hanak,' which occurs in the sentence which is translated "and should be fined ten. ... of gold by the overseer of the Maha Vihara." The same word is found in a short inscription on a stone from the Government Agent's house at Anuradhapura, the translation of which, given here, runs as follows:-"The laymen shall present to the priests two hanas (?) of gold, one adinana of rice as offering, one hana (?) and two akas of flowers, and for those who are sick ten hanas (?) of rice But for the fact here evidenced that the word was applied to flowers and rice as well as gold, we should have supposed that hana'='suvanna' (see Rhys Davids' "Ancient Coins and Measures of Ceylon," p. 14), just as 'hami''svamin.' The question of ancient Ceylon weights and measures is a vexed one, and Mr. Rhys Davids, in commenting on the list of weights given in Abhidhanappadipika, says (loc. cit.):-"It is incredible that hay and gold should have been measured by one scale." The word 'hana' must therefore remain for the present undecided. The last inscription translated in this paper is one by that vainglorious prince Niççanka Malla, who here modestly says that he contented himself with rice and betel and was not proud!"-Ceylon Observer, 8th Dec. 1881.

CHINESE CHARACTERS. Analytic Index of Chinese Characters: a List of Chinese Words with the concise meaning

and Hong Kong, Kelly and Walsh. This work is published for the sake of the new arrangement under the 214 radicals. A character made up of the first and second radical takes the precedence of one made up of the first and third just as Ab comes before Ac in our dictionaries. Then the characters are found entirely by means of the radicals and not at all by counting the additional strokes. The number of the additional radicals which go to make up the characters are given on the margin; thus under the first radical, —, we have 6 T, intimating that the other part of the character

is the 6th radical.

GERMAN PHILOSOPHICAL CLASSICS IN ENGLISH.-Messrs. S. C. Griggs & Co., Chicago, announces that they will shortly begin the publication of a series of "German Philosophical Classics for English Readers and Students," under the general editorial supervision of Geo. S. Morris, Ph.D., Professor of Logic, Ethics and the History of Philosophy in the University of Michigan, and Lecturer on Philosophy at the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and with the cooperation of the eminent scholars named below. Each volume will be devoted to the critical exposition of some one masterpiece belonging to the history of German philosophy. The aim in each case will be to furnish a clear and attractive statement of the special substance and purport of the original author's argument, to interpret and elucidate the same by reference to the historic and acknowledged results of philosophic inquiry, to give an independent estimate of merits and deficiencies, and especially to show, as occasion may require, in what way German thought contains the natural complement, or the much-needed corrective, of British speculation. It is intended that the series when completed, shall consist of ten or twelve volumes, founded on the works of Leibnitz, Kant, Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel. It will thus furnish in effect a history of the most conspicuous and permanently influential movement in the history of German thought, aud its general object may be stated to be to render reasonably accessible to the intelligent English reader a knowledge of German philosophic thought in its leading outlines, and at the same time to furnish the special student with a valuable introduction and guide to more comprehensive studies in the same direction. The volumes now contemplated, together with the names of their authors, as far as at present determined, are as follows:

:

Leibnitz's New Essays Concerning Human Understanding. Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. The Editor.

Kant's Ethics. President Porter, of Yale College. Kant's Critique of Judgment (Esthetics and Natural Theology). Prof. Robert Adamson, of the Victoria University, Manchester, England.

Fichte's Science of Knowledge.

Schelling's Transcendental Idealism. Prof. John Watson, of Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.

Hegel's Logic. Dr. W. T. Harris, Editor of the Journal of Speculative Philosophy.

Hegel's Philosophy of Religion.

Hegel's Esthetics. Prof. J. S. Kidney, of the Seabury Divinity School at Faribault, Minnesota.

Hegel's Philosophy of History and of the State.

The volumes will not necessarily be published in the order above given. The first one, on Kant, will be issued early in 1882, and the others at convenient intervals thereafter, Probable price per volume, $1.25.

THE CHRYSANTHEMUM-A MONTHLY MAGAZINE FOR JAPAN AND THE FAR EAST.-Prospectus for 1882. The object with which this Magazine was founded, a year ago, was to provide a medium through which matters of interest connected with Japan and the Far East might be communicated to the reading public at a cost that would permit its entrance into every home, in such a shape as to be of permanent value and convenient for purposes of reference. In spite of the many prognostications of its failure, "The Chrysanthemum" has won its way, steadily increasing in favour with the public, and now looks forward to an insured future of larger success. The Magazine started with the promise of 36 pages monthly, at 2 dols. per annum, exclusive of postage. On account of pressure of matter, it has been decided, at the repeated suggestion of our patrons and friends, to increase the number of pages to at least 48 per month, and fix the price at 3 dols. a year, inclusive of postage. With regard to the contents of the coming volume, articles relating to the Japanese, Corean, Aino, and other Eastern languages; a Vocabulary of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical terms, in English, Japanese and Chinese, of over 1,000 words, now being carefully prepared by a select committee, together with translations of native texts, classic and colloquial, ancient and modern, will amply furnish our Philological Department.

Beginning with the January number, a series of articles on Corean Geography, to be followed by itineraries in Japan, and the results of researches in the East, etc., etc., will help to throw light on these interesting lands. Japanese Psychology, Folk-lore, Ancient History, Literature, Religions, Philosophies, Science, Arts, etc., open a mine of interesting information which will be worked to the extent of our resources, and the results presented to our readers as far as the space at our disposal will permit. The discriminative and appreciative Reviews of Books relating to Japan, by competent and scholarly contributors, which form a feature in the volume for 1881, will be continued in the coming volume, and will elicit a fund of critical lore which could not otherwise be obtained. A new feature will also be added in the way of Medical Notes and Hints, of special value to residents in Japan. Notes and Queries will continue to gather into a focus facts and hints which will elucidate antiquarian questions, and indicate the current of modera thought in Japan, besides giving a variety of valuable information of interest to all readers. The volume for 1882 will also contain a greater variety of matter for the general reader, comprising Sketches of Travel and Scenery, Description of Places and Times, Translations of light literature, etc., etc. Although the Magazine is not a "religious" journal, it will be conducted on the principles of liberal Christian culture. Typographically, "The Chrysanthemum" cannot fail to be more attractive than it has heretofore been, as the new arrangements made for its publication guarantee a degree of neatness and accuracy unattainable in other than practical hands. Terms, payable in advance, are 18 per annum for twelve numbers. The London Agents are Trübner & Co., Ludgate Hill.

NAMES OF THE GODS IN KICHE MYTHS.-Dr. Daniel G. Brinton read a paper before the American Philosophical Society, November 4th, 1881, which has since been printed separately, and can be had of Trübner & Co., London, on "The Names of the Gods in the Kiche Myths of Central America." The Maya-Kiche was a language the dialects of which were spoken over nearly the whole of Central America: it is said even now to be in use by over half a million of people, the successors of a race who once were powerful and wonderfully civilized, if we may judge by the monumental remains they have left behind them.

NEW THEORIES OF THE UNIVERSE.-We have received the third edition of Dr. Jas. Bedford's "Bedfordian System of Astronomy," first published in 1854. Dr. Bedford's theory embraces the origin and nature of the heavenly bodies, and. according to them, any collision of planets or comets is not only improbable but impossible. This system has also been called the Cometic System.

PASSIO ET MIRACULA BEATI OLAUI.-The Delegates of the Clarendon Press are about to publish the Passio & Miracula Beati Olaui, edited with an introduction and notes by the Rev. Frederick Metcalfe, Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, from a vellum MS. in the Library of Corpus Christi College, Oxíord. This MS. is a contemporaneous transcript of the Latin twelfth-century original, and contains all the Latin of the fragments published by the Bollandist Fathers, and all the matter of the Old-Norse Homily on St. Olaf, published by Professor Unger at Christiania, and which was supposed hitherto to be a complete work. But besides this it contains several additional sections, which prove the author to have been Eystein or Augustinus, second Arch bishop of Trondhjem (1161-1188), the builder of Trondhjem Cathedral, who lived for three years in banishment in Eng land. Last autumn a conjectural restoration of the original Latin work was published by Professor Gustav Storm in his Monumenta Historica Norwegica, printed at the expense the Norwegian Government. But he was then unaware the existence of the MS. brought to light by Mr. Metcalfe. The forthcoming publication, therefore, which will contain some twenty-seven sections more than Professor Storm's scholarly reproduction, will rank as the editio princeps of the entire work. It may be added that the MS. was formerly the property of Fountains Abbey, which had a colony of monks in Norway, established in the Monastery of the "Valley of Light," on a fiord near Bergen. It is bound in seal-skin, and it has been surmised that it was sent from the "Valley of Light" to Fountains. But more probably it was a present from the Archbishop during his stay in England.

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PUNCTUATION. Of late years there has been a tendency to break through the rigid rules for punctuation laid down by the antiquated grammarians, and to make it rather a matter of taste than to treat it as an exact science; still there are certain rules that are positive, and these are laid down in a small treatise on Punctuation by Mr. Marshall T. Bigelow, corrector at the University Press, Cambridge, Mass. This

little volume, which is intended for the use of printers, authors, teachers, and scholars, will prove a useful little band book for all connected with the press; it takes a common-sense view of the subject on which it treats. Messrs. Lee and Shepherd, of Boston, are the publishers, and Trübner and Co. are the London agents for its sale.

ANTICHI MANOSCRITTI.-We invite the attention of our readers to "Facsimili di Antichi Manoscritti per Uso delle Scuole di Filologia Neolatina, pubblicati da Ernesto Monaci," of which the first facsimile has already appeared, price 12s. ART IN SOUTHERN ITALY.-An important work on Ancient Art in Southern Italy has been published in two volumes large folio, containing in addition to an exhaustive letterpress, 26 facsimile drawings in chromo-lithography from the original frescoes, mosaics, and oil paintings, and 22 Photographs of Architecture and other Antiquities. "Studi Sai Monumenti Della Italia Meredionale," by Demetrio Salazaro, Vice-Director of the National Museum of Naples. This unique and interesting work on Christian Art and Archæology in Southern Italy from the fourth to the thirteenth century, to the production of which the author has devoted 14 years of his life, is not so well known in England and America as it deserves to be, and as it will not be reproduced, private collectors and public libraries would do well to secure the few copies that remain before it is too late. It has been mentioned with high eulogium by Comm. de Rossi, of Rome, in his Review of Christian Archæology. Copies have been acquired for the libraries of the British Museum, the South Kensington Museum, and the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. The work can be obtained of the author, Comm. Salazaro, 7, Chiatamone, Naples, or from Trübner and Co., 57, Ludgate Hill, and their agents in America and the Colonies. The same author is also pablishing: "L'Arte Romana al Medio Evo," illustrated with photographic views and coloured plates after Mosaics and paintings of the eleventh century.

SPARKS FROM A GEOLOGIST'S HAMMER.-Messrs. S. C. Griggs & Co., of Chicago, have published a volume under this title by Alexander Winchell, LL.D., author of Pre-adamites, etc., containing essays mostly suggested by a vacation tour. The articles in the book are divided into Esthetic. Chronological, Climatic, Historical, and Philosophical. They contain much material for thoughtful minds to ponder on, and are written in a style that will interest the general reader as well as the scientist. Trübner & Co. have the book on sale in London.

THE LEAGUE OF THE IROQUOIS.-The league of the five nations has been written about by all historians and chroniclers who have attempted to pen the annals of the aborigines of the American continent; but as far as we recollect Mr. Benjamin Hathaway is the first writer who has attempted to give us the same in verse. The style of these poems is somewhat like Sir Walter Scott's "Lay of the Last Minstrel," the measure being flowing, and the narrative feature being preserved throughout. This is another volume issued by the house of Messrs S. C. Griggs & Co., of Chicago, who have done so much in developing literature in the Western States of America.

ISMS OLD AND NEW.-This is the title of a very interesting volume by the Rev. G. C. Lorimer, published by Messrs. 8. C. Griggs & Co., of Chicago, and Trubner & Co., of London. It is written in a very liberal spirit, and we have no doubt will meet with a large circle of readers. We understand that the first consignment to Great Britain has been already exhausted.

LIVRES PERDUS.-We have received a charming little volume written by the Nestor of European Bibliography, Gustave Brunet, entitled Livres Perdus, Essai Bibliographique sur les Livres devenus introuvables, par Philomneste, junior. It is a new edition of a little volume of 112 pages, printed in 1873, considerably enlarged. The author does not pretend that all the books mentioned by him are lost; on the contrary some of them may be on the shelves of public libraries, they not having published their catalogues, or in printed collections, whose possessors are jealous of their treasures. M. Brunet's publication may act as an incentive to lovers of books to hunt for hidden treasures, and remove, some at least, of the indicated works from the introuvable to the trouvable list. The publishers of this charmingly got-up volume are Messrs. Gay and Doucé, of Brussels, who have turned the style of their firm into the charming device of "Gay et Doux c'est," on a ribbon round a flute-playing satyr on the title-page. ANONYMOUS AND PSEUDONYMOUS LITERATURE. the eccentricities of authors in using assumed names give considerable trouble to the bibliographer is proved by the bulky

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Keeper of the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh, and the late Rev. John Laing, M.A., Librarian of the New College Library, Edinburgh. This volume, which contains letters A to Ě, and consists of 871 pages, has been brought out by Mr. William Paterson, of Edinburgh, on whom has devolved the labour of arranging the material left by the two deceased compilers, and we must say that he has spared no expense in producing a literary memorial every way worthy of them. The history of the inception and progress of the dictionary may be summed up in a few words. Mr. H. B. Wheatley, F.S.A., confided to Mr. Halkett a large mass of material, the result of many years' labour on his part. Mr. Halkett incorporated Mr. Wheatley's collections with his own, and concluded nearly twenty years' diligent research at his death in 1871; Mr. Laing continuing the work till his death in 1880.

GENERAL MITRE'S HISTORIA DE BELGRANO. We have received another of Ex-President Mitré's valuable Historical Monographs, entitled: Mitré, Comprobaciones Históricas á propósito de la "Historia de Belgrano por Bartolomé Mitré." 8vo. sewed. Buenos Aires, 1881. The work is divided into the following chapters: Dualismo histórico.-La Colonia del Sacramento en 1680.-El Gobernador Garro.-El tratado de 1750.-Borbones y Braganzas en America.-Entre paréntesis históricos.-El marqués de la Ensenada y el comercio colonial. -Los navios de registro.-Cronologia de registros.-Poblacion de Buenos Aires en 1806.-Estudios históricos demográficos.-Sir Samuel Auchmuty.-Los Ingleses en el Rio de la Plata.-La Conquista y la Independencia.-La guerra de las invasiones inglesas. - Contra-pruebas históricas.- La leyenda de Alzaga.- Un fanfarron famoso. - Paréntesis filosófico.-Napoleon y Liniers.-La Diplomacia napoleónica en el Rio de la Plata.-Lexicon de numismática.-La jura de Fernando VII.-La nueva teoría.-La escicion de Montevideo en 1808.-La Junta de Montevideo.-Boceto del 1° de Enero de 1809.-" In animo et factis."-Epílogo. APGAR'S PLANT ANALYSIS. Messrs. E. A. and A. C. Apgar have published with Messrs. Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor & Co., of New York, a plant analysis adapted to Dr. Asa Gray's Botanical books. This is a very useful volume to botanical students, the first part contains an analytical arrangement of botanical terms, and the second division of the book consists of a series of printed forms with spaces for manuscript filling in of the characteristics of the various plants that may come under the notice of the student.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY-RECENT, SPECIAL, AND GENERAL.-Mr. Justin Winsor, Librarian of Harvard University, sends us one of his useful bibliographical contributions, entitled "Shakespeare's Poems, a Bibliography of the Earlier Editions."Some Choice French Bibliographies," by J. D. O., of which only one hundred and sixty copies have been issued, is a reprint from the pages of the Bookseller," under the auspices of Mr. Joseph Whittaker, who has spared no expense to get it up tastefully for presentation to his friends, it being printed for private circulation, on hand-made paper, with margins such as bibliophiles prize. There is much useful information respecting French bibliography to be gleaned from its eighty-seven pages.- Mr. Walford, formerly the editor of the "Antiquarian," has just issued the first number of the " Antiquarian Magazine and Bibliographer,' monthly magazine.-The "Bibliographer," edited by Mr. H. B. Wheatley, is another magazine that appeals to the patronage of all lovers of books; we fear, however, that it is too much to expect all the periodicals now devoted partially and entirely to bibliography can hope for success; still, just at the present time, students of biliography cannot but admit that their wants are well administered to.-Mr. F. Leypoldt, of New York, has not long issued his "Publishers' Trade List Annual for 1881," the ninth year of this useful publication. We observe that some publishers still determinedly detract from its usefulness by refusing to include their Catalogues in it at all, whilst others only go in about once in two or three years, so that no information can be gleaned respecting their recent publications.-" Books of All Time is the title of a little catalogue issued by Mr. Leypoldt, and compiled by himself and Mr. Lynds E. Jones. The purpose of this little catalogue of eighty pages is to give the titles of the best books and the best editions of the same.-"A Reading Diary of Modern Fiction." also by Mr. Leypoldt, is an excellent list of the best novels, with a diary for remarks and suggestions on the pages opposite to the titles of the books.-The "Literary News," published monthly, a periodical of Mr. Leypoldt's too little known, gives a full survey of the current literature of the day; it forms a valuable monthly resumé of the merits of the best books that have appeared in the lists of the "Publishers' Weekly," its pages are full of anecdote, and it is always readable, even for an outsider not particularly inter

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