better contribute to the fulfilment of his patriotic intention than by inviting the consideration of political students in this Dominion to the governmental institutions of the mother country, as described in these volumes, which claim to present fuller information upon that subject than is obtainable elsewhere. For the same reason, I venture to hope that my work may be of service to public men in England, inasmuch as, whatever may be its defects or omissions, it is the first attempt that has been ever made to collect and embody, in a systematic form, the laws, usages, and traditions of parliamentary government. LIBRARY OF PARLIAMENT, OTTAWA, CANADA: ALPHEUS TODD. February, 1869. ERRATUM. On page 713 of the first volume, line 12, instead of 'In vol. ii. precedents will be found,' &c., read On page 799 (vol. i.) precedents, &c. CONTENTS THE SECOND SECOND VOLUME. I. Control over Public Revenue by department of Exchequer and Audit Functions of the Exchequer - Regarding receipt and custody of public moneys. Procedure in giving effect to parliamentary appropriation Irregularities caused by neglect of restrictions Exchequer controls issue, but not expenditure, of money Impossibility of wholly preventing unauthorised expenditure Remedy against unauthorised expenditure Instances of expenditure without authority of Parliament Temporary advances must receive sanction of House of Commons 41 Treasury not empowered to apply a surplus from one vote to meet Whole sum voted need not be expended Votes to make good excesses on grants Duty of House of Commons regarding accounts III. Application of system of Audit to Public Accounts B. Nature and Operation of the Appropriation Audit. Origin of Appropriation Audit Power of Army and Navy Departments in using surpluses First complete system of Audit Manner of conducting Appropriation Audit Attention of Parliament should be directed to excess of expendi- Counsels of the Crown to be kept secret Never to be divulged without leave of the Sovereign Constitutional Government secured by the Revolution of 1688 Condition of the House of Commons at this period Formation of the first Parliamentary Ministry Notices of the presence of Ministers, and other placemen, in the Subsequent legislation, permitting Ministers to sit in the House of Advantages resulting from the presence of Ministers in Parliament 128 And the exclusion therefrom of other officials History of the Cabinet, from 1693 to 1702 |