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mittee of the Whole House." The word "moved" was struck out December 17, 1805. The rule as above given was taken from Barclay's Digest and differs from the rule as reported in the Journal. (See H. R. Journal, 1, 43, p. 234.) The entry referred to in the Journal is evidently an error, as reference to the Congressional Record fully shows.]

113. The rules of proceedings in the House shall be observed in a Committee of the Whole House, so far as they may be applicable, except the rule limiting the times of speaking—April 7, 1789; but no member shall speak twice to any question until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken.-December 18, 1805.

114. In Committee of the Whole on the state of the Union, the bills shall be taken up and disposed of in their order on the calendar; but when objection is made to the consideration of a bill, a majority of the committee shall decide, without debate, whether it shall be taken up and disposed of or laid aside: provided, that general appropriation bills, and, in time of war, bills for raising men or money, and bills concerning a treaty of peace, shall be preferred to all other bills, at the discretion of the committee; and, when demanded by any member, the question shall first be put in regard to them-July 27, 1848; and all debate on special orders shall be confined strictly to the measure under consideration.— March 16, 1860.

[The last clause of this rule was adopted for the purpose of reforming to some extent the practice which had previously prevailed in Committee of the Whole on the state of the Union of indulging in general debate, without regard to the measure under consideration.]

OF BILLS.

115. Every bill shall be introduced on the report of a committee, or by motion for leave. In the latter case, at least one day's notice shall be given of the motion in the House, or by filing a memorandum thereof with the Clerk, and having it entered on the journal; and the motion shall be made, and the bill introduced, if leave is given, when resolutions are called for; such motion, or the bill when introduced, may be committed.-April 7, 1789; September 15, 1837; and March 2, 1838. But the Speaker shall not entertain a motion for leave to introduce a bill or joint resolution for the establishment or change of post-routes, and all propositions relating thereto shall be referred, under the rule, like petitions and other papers, to the appropriate committee.-May 5, 1870.

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[In the early stages of the government, before the institution of standing committees, it was the common practice to introduce bills, on motion for leave, by individual members; the bills were then referred to a select committee to examine and report upon. The practice, however, of introducing bills by members on leave gradually grew into disuse as standing committees were created, and, for nearly thirty years, no case occurs on the journals. Within a few years past the practice has been revived and has now become very common, but it is, nevertheless, a very inconvenient one, and does not facilitate business. Previous to the 13th March, 1822, so strict was the House upon the introduction of bills that standing committees had to obtain leave, in every case, to report by bill. On that day the 71st rule was adopted.]

[See Rule 130 as to bills on leave when resolutions are in order.] 116. Every bill shall receive three several readings in the House previous to its passage; and bills shall be dispatched in order as they were introduced, unless where the House shall direct otherwise; but no bill shall be twice read on the same day, without special order of the House.—April 7, 1789.

117. The first reading of a bill shall be for information, and, if opposition be made to it, the question will be, "Shall this bill be rejected?" If no opposition be made, or if the question to reject be negatived, the bill shall go to its second reading without a question.-April 7, 1789.

[If no opposition be made to a bill, or if the question to reject be negatived, and the bill receives its second reading forth with (as is usual), it is always understood that it is by "special order of the House." In the rapid and hurried manner in which bills are now reported and acted upon, the motion is seldom or never made, nor is the question put, "Shall the bill be now read a second time?" The Speaker takes it for granted that the motion has been made and allowed, and announces the second reading as soon as the first reading is completed.]

118. Upon the second reading of a bill, the Speaker shall state it as ready for commitment or engrossment; and, if committed, then a question shall be, whether to a select or standing committee, or to a Committee of the Whole House; if to a Committee of the Whole House, the House shall determine on what day-November 13, 1794; if no motion be made to commit, the question shall be stated on its engrossment; and if it be not ordered to be engrossed on the day of its being reported, it shall be placed on the general file on the Speaker's table, to be taken up in order.-September 14, 1837. But if the bill be ordered to be engrossed, the House shall appoint the day when it shall be read the third time.-November 13, 1794.

119. General appropriation bills shall be in order in preference to any other bills of a public nature, unless otherwise ordered by a majority of the House.-September 14, 1837.

And the House may, at any time, by a vote of a majority of the members present, make any of the general appropriation bills a special order.-March 16, 1860.

[This latter provision was inserted in the 145th rule, March 16, 1860, but in the rearrangement under the resolution of that date it was deemed more appropriate to annex it to this rule.]

120. No appropriation shall be reported in such general appropriation bills, or be in order as an amendment thereto, for any expenditure not previously authorized by law-September 14, 1837unless in continuation of appropriations for such public works and objects as are already in progress. Nor shall any provision in any such bill or amendment thereto changing existing law be in order except such as, being germane to the subject-matter of the bill, shall retrench expenditures.—March 13, 1838, and January 17, 1876.

121. Upon the engrossment of any bill making appropriations of money for works of internal improvement of any kind or description, it shall be in the power of any member to call for a division of the question, so as to take a separate vote of the House upon each item of improvement or appropriation contained in said bill, or upon such items separately and others collectively, as the members making the call may specify; and if one-fifth of the members present second said call, it shall be the duty of the Speaker to make such divisions of the question, and put them to vote accordingly.-February 26, 1846.

122. The bills from the Court of Claims shall, on being laid before the House, be read a first and second time, committed to a Committee of the Whole House, and, together with the accompanying reports, printed.-March 16, 1860.

123. A motion to strike out the enacting words of a bill shall have precedence of a motion to amend; and, if carried, shall be considered equivalent to its rejection.-March 13, 1822. Whenever a bill is reported from a Committee of the Whole, with a recommendation to strike out the enacting words, and such recommendation is disagreed to by the House, the bill shall stand recommitted to the said committee without further action by the House.-March 16, 1860. But before the question of concurrence is submitted, it is in order to

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entertain a motion to refer the bill to any committee, with or without instructions, and when the same is again reported to the House, it shall be referred to the Committee of the Whole without debate, and resume its original place on the calendar.-May 26, 1870.

[This latter clause was inserted for the purpose of correcting a practice which had begun to obtain, whereby the friends of a bill were enabled, by striking out the enacting clause, to cut off debate and amendment and take a bill back into the House and there pass it. At the same time, however, an amendment was made to the 60th rule, whereby a majority is enabled, "at any time after the five minutes' debate has taken place upon proposed amendments to any paragraph or section of a bill, to close all debate upon such section or paragraph, or, at their election, upon the pending amendments only."]

124. After commitment and report thereof to the House, or at any time before its passage, a bill may be recommitted-April 7, 1789; and should such recommitment take place after its engrossment, and an amendment be reported and agreed to by the House, the question shall be again put on the engrossment of the bill.— March 16, 1860.

[According to the practice, if the previous question on its passage be pending or ordered, a motion to recommit was, within the past fifteen years, not in order. The latter clause of this rule was adopted March 16, 1860, previous to which there had been no fixed rule in regard to the case therein provided for.]

125. All bills ordered to be engrossed shall be executed in a fair round hand.-April 7, 1789.

126. No amendment by way of rider shall be received to any bill on its third reading.—April 8, 1814.

127. When a bill shall pass, it shall be certified by the Clerk, noting the day of its passage at the foot thereof.-April 7, 1789.

LOCAL OR PRIVATE BUSINESS.

128. Friday in every week shall be set apart for the consideration of private bills and private business, in preference to any other, unless otherwise determined by a majority of the House.—January 22, 1810; January 26, 1826; and May 8, 1874.

[Under the rule of 26th April, 1828, relative to a postponement or change of the order of business, it has been decided that it takes two-thirds to proceed to public business on Friday and Saturday. The reason of this decision is, that the rule of the 26th of April, 1828, made no exception in favor

of the clause for a majority, contained in this rule; and that therefore that provision was annulled. There have been three appeals from this point, but the House in all instances affirmed the decision in favor of two-thirds.] 129. On the first and fourth Friday of each month, the calendar of private bills shall be called over (the Chairman of the Committee of the Whole House commencing the call where he left off the previous day), and the bills to the passage of which no objection shall then be made shall be first considered and disposed of.January 25, 1839. But when a bill is again reached, after having been once objected to, the committee shall consider and dispose of the same, unless it shall again be objected to by at least five members.-March 16, 1860; May 8, 1874.

[The rule of January 25, 1839, simply provided for calling over the calendar on the first and fourth Friday; the words "and Saturday" were added on the 16th March, 1860. The latter branch of the rule, which provides that upon a second call at least five members shall object, was adopted at the same time. The words "and Saturday" were stricken out of Rules 128 and 129, May 8, 1874.

OF BILLS ON LEAVE AND RESOLUTIONS.

130. All the States and Territories shall be called for bills on leave and resolutions every Monday during each session of Congress; and, if necessary to secure the object on said days, all resolutions which shall give rise to debate shall lie over for discussion, under the rules of the House already established; and the whole of said days shall be appropriated to bills on leave and resolutions, until all the States and Territories are called through.February 6, 1838. And the Speaker shall first call the States and Territories for bills on leave; and all bills so introduced during the first hour after the journal is read shall be referred, without debate, to their appropriate committees: Provided, however, That a bill so introduced and referred, and all bills at any time introduced by unanimous consent and referred, shall not be brought back into the House upon a motion to reconsider.-March 16, 1860, and January 11, 1872. And on said call, joint resolutions of State and Territorial legislatures for printing and reference may be introduced.-January 11, 1867.

[The words "bills on leave" where they occur were inserted in this rule on the 16th March, 1860. By Rule 115 it is required that at least one day's notice shall be given of the motion to introduce a bill on leave.]

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