ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA

A

DICTIONARY

OF

ARTS, SCIENCES, LITERATURE AND GENERAL

INFORMATION

ELEVENTH EDITION

VOLUME XXVIII

VETCH to ZYMOTIC DISEASES

NEW YORK

THE ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA COMPANY

1911

Copyright, in the United States of America, 1911,

by

The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.

INITIALS USED IN VOLUME XXVIII. TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL

A. B. Go.

A. C. S.

A. D. Mo.

A. E. S.

CONTRIBUTORS, WITH THE HEADINGS OF THE

ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME SO SIGNED.

ALFRED BRADLEY GOUGH, M.A., PH.D.

Sometime Casberd Scholar of St John's College, Oxford. English Lector in the Westphalia, Treaty of.
University of Kiel, 1896-1905.

ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE.

See the biographical article: Swinburne, Algernon CHARLES.
ANSON DANIEL MORSE, M.A., LL.D.

{Webster, John. :{

{

Emeritus Professor of History at Amherst College, Mass. Professor at Amherst Whig Party.
College, 1877-1908.

ARTHUR EVERETT SHIPLEY, M.A., D. Sc., F.R.S.

Wasp (in part);

Master of Christ's College, Cambridge. Reader in Zoology, Cambridge University. Weevil (in part).

Joint-editor of the Cambridge Natural History.

A. F. H.

A. F. L.

A. F. P.

A. M. C.

Captain, Royal Field Artillery. Author of Introduction to the History of Tactics, Waterloo Campaign.
1740-1905; &c.

A. F. HUTCHISON, M.A.

Sometime Rector of the High School, Stirling.
ARTHUR FRANCIS LEACH, M.A.

Barrister-at-law, Middle Temple. Charity Commissioner for England and Wales.
Formerly Assistant-Secretary to the Board of Education. Fellow of All Souls
College, Oxford, 1874-1881. Author of English Schools at the Reformation; &c.
ALBERT FREDERICK POLLARD, M.A., F.R.HIST.S.

Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. Professor of English History in the University
of London. Assistant-Editor of the Dictionary of National Biography, 1893-1901.
Author of England under the Protector Somerset; Life of Thomas Cranmer; Henry
VIII.; &c.

AGNES MARY CLERKE.

See the biographical article: CLERKE, AGNES M.

A. S. P.-P.

A. v. o.

ARTHUR PHILEMON COLEMAN, M.A., PH.D., F.R.S.

Professor of Geology in the University of Toronto. Geologist, Bureau of Mines,
Toronto, 1893-1910. Author of Reports of the Bureau of Mines of Ontario.

ARTHUR SYMONS.

See the biographical article: SYMONS, ARTHUR.

ALAN SUMMERLY COLE, C.B.

Formerly Assistant-Secretary, Board of Education, South Kensington. Author of

Ornament in European Silks Catalogue of Tapestry, Embroidery, Lace and Egyptian Weaving: Archaeology and Art.
Textiles in the Victoria and Albert Museum; &c.

ANDREW SETH PRINGLE-PATTISON, M.A., LL.D., D.C.L.

Professor of Logic and Metaphysics in the University of Edinburgh. Gifford
Lecturer in the University of Aberdeen, 1911. Fellow of the British Academy.
Author of Man's Place in the Cosmos; The Philosophical Radicals; &c.

ALOYS VON ORELLI.

Weber's Law;
Wolff, Christian (in part).

Formerly Professor of Law in the University of Zürich. Author of Das Staatsrecht Veto.
der schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft.

1 A complete list, showing all individual contributors, appears in the final volume.

A. W. H.

A. W. Hu.

A. W. R.

B. E. S.

B. H.-S.

C. EL.

C. F. A.

C. F. K.

C. H. Ha.

ARTHUR WILLIAM HOLLAND.

Formerly Scholar of St John's College, Oxford. Bacon Scholar of Gray's Inn, 1900.
REV. ARTHUR WOLLASTON HUTTON.

Rector of Bow Church, Cheapside, London. Formerly Librarian of the National
Liberal Club. Author of Life of Cardinal Manning. Editor of Newman's Lives of the
English Saints; &c.

ALEXANDER WOOD RENTON, M.A., LL.B.

{Widukind; Witan.

Wiseman, Cardinal.

Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. Editor of Encyclopaedia of the Laws Waste.
of England.

BENJAMIN ELI SMITH, A.M.

Editor of the Century Dictionary. Formerly Instructor in Mathematics at Amherst Whitney, William Dwight.
College, Mass., and in Psychology at the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore.

Editor of the Century Cyclopaedia of Names: Century Allas; &c.

B. HECKSTALL-SMITH.

Associate of the Institute of Naval Architects. Secretary of the International Yachting.
Yacht Racing Union; Secretary of the Yacht Racing Association. Yachting
Editor of The Field.

SIR CHARLES NORTON EDGCUMBE ELIOT, K.C.M.G., M.A., LL.D., D.C.L.
Vice-Chancellor of Sheffield University. Formerly Fellow of Trinity College,

Oxford. H.M.'s Commissioner and Commander-in-Chief for the British East Africa Yue-chi.
Protectorate; Agent and Consul-General at Zanzibar; Consul-General for German

Formerly Scholar of Queen's College, Oxford. Captain, 1st City of London (Royal Wilderness: Grant's Campaign.
Fusiliers). Author of The Wilderness and Cold Harbor.

CHARLES FRANCIS KEARY, M.A.

Trinity College, Cambridge. Author of The Vikings in Western Christendom; Viking.
Norway and the Norwegians; &c.

CARLTON HUNTLEY HAYES, A.M., PH.D.

Assistant Professor of History in Columbia University, New York City. Member Visconti (Family).
of the American Historical Association.

C. L. K.

C. R. B.

C. W. R.

Warwick, Richard Beau-
champ, Earl of;

Warwick, Richard Neville,
Earl of;

CHARLES LETHBRIDGE KINGSFORD, M.A., F.R.HIST.SOC., F.S.A.
Assistant-Secretary to the Board of Education. Author of Life of Henry V. Editor Whittington, Richard;
of Chronicles of London and Stow's Survey of London.

Worcester, John Tiptoft,
Earl of;

York, Richard, Duke of.

CHARLES RAYMOND BEAZLEY, M.A., D.LITT., F.R.G.S., F.R.HIST.S.
Professor of Modern History in the University of Birmingham. Formerly Fellow of
Merton College, Oxford, and University Lecturer in the History of Geography. Zemarchus.
Lowell Lecturer, Boston, 1908. Author of
Lothian Prizeman, Oxford, 1889.

Henry the Navigator; The Dawn of Modern Geography; &c.

CHARLES WALKER ROBINSON, C.B., D.C.L.

Major-General (retired). Assistant Military Secretary, Headquarters of the Army, Vitoria.
1890-1892. Governor and Secretary, Royal Military Hospital, Chelsea, 1895-
1898. Author of Strategy of the Peninsular War; &c.

Professor of Botany, Royal College of Science, London, 1885-1892. Formerly Williamson, William Crawford.
President of the Royal Microscopical Society and of the Linnean Society. Author
of Structural Botany; Studies in Fossil Botany; &c.

DAVID RANDALL-MACIVER, M.A., D.Sc.

Curator of Egyptian Department, University of Pennsylvania. Formerly Worcester
Reader in Egyptology, University of Oxford. Author of Medieval Rhodesia; &c.

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