Third-pointed capitals differ from middle-pointed, in having generally stiffer appearance. The foliage is not so graceful, and the mouldings not so good. Sometimes, as at Fotheringay Church, Northamptonshire, the pillars consist of a half-pier, on each side of a tall mass of masonry, like a respond. The abaci are almost always octagonal.

2. On Bases.

ROMANESQUE bases are in general square, even if the pillar itself be round. In this case the plinth is either squared off, or little leaves project from the sides, and lie on the four corners of the square plinth. The earlier examples of first-pointed bases differ but little from the Romanesque; but in later examples when the shaft of the pillar was moulded, the plinth generally followed the form of the pillar. The entire base, also, was much higher in this age. There are good examples at York Minster, and the Temple Church, London. The plinth in the middlepointed style also followed the mouldings of the shaft above, and sometimes the base mouldings overhung the plinth.

Third-pointed plinths are almost always octagonal, and very high, as at St. Mary's, Oxford. The reversed ogee-moulding is. characteristic of the bases of this stile.

3. Mouldings.

ROMANESQUE mouldings consist almost invariably of rounds and hollows differently disposed. The ogee was seldom used The zig-zag or chevron is quite a characteristic of the style, and assumed all manner of forms, as at Bredgar, Kent; Ifley, Oxfordshire; Kilkhampton, Cornwall, &c. The variety of ornamental mouldings is very great; among them we may mention the Roll and Square Billet; the Prismatic Billet; the Indented Moulding; the Cable; the Beaded; the Nail-head; the Star; the Beak-head; the Lozenge; the Scolloped; the Nebule; the Pellet; the Chair; the Cone; the Bird's Head; the Dovetailed; the Medallion; and many others.

F

First-pointed Mouldings are bolder and more elegant than those of the preceding style. They consist of rounds, hollows, and fillets, the dog-tooth being often inserted in the hollows. This ornament' which is a fourleaved flower, with a sharp projecting centre, is beautifully varied, as at the west door of St. Cross, Hants. Middlepointed mouldings are richer; rounds and hollows are still used, though, in this age, the hollow greatly varied in depth. The ballflower was often introduced into these hollows. Ogees are frequently used, and fillets often occur on the faces of the round. The rounds and hollows are not such prominent features in Thirdpointed mouldings, as in those of the former styles. The hollows are generally wide and shallow, sometimes even flat-bottomed, as at St. Peter's, Oxford. Ogees are very abundant, and often come in succession; but the width of the hollows causes great great poverty of moulding. Flowers, grapes, &c., are used in ornamental mouldings.

4. On Arches.

THE following are the various forms of Arches:-1. The Semi. circular. 2. The Segmental. 3. The Elliptic. 4. The Horseshoe. 5. The Triangular-headed. 6. The Lancet. 7. The Equilateral. 8. The Obtuse. 9. The Ogee. 10. The Trefoiled, &c. 11. The Flat-headed Trefoil. 12. The Pointed Segmental. 13. The Four-centred.

1. The semicircular arch was in use during the Romanesque age, and was also used in the first-pointed. 2-3. The segmental and elliptic arches were used in the Romanesque, and occasionally in the after styles, as at Middleton Stoney, Oxfordshire. 4. The horse-shoe arch is, properly speaking, a Moorish form, but it may be found in England, as in the beautiful Romanesque transition doorway at Little Snoring Church, Norfolk. 5. The triangular-headed arch is peculiarly Romanesque, and consists of two long pieces of stone leaning against each other, as at Deerrst Church, Gloucester. 6. Lancet windows are almost

r to the first-pointed style, although examples occur

early in the succeeding age. There are examples at Ely and Salisbury Cathedrals; Witney, Oxfordshire; Skelton, Yorkshire; &c. 7. The equilateral is formed on an equilateral triangle; and (8) the obtuse, called also the drop-arch on an obtuse triangle. They were used in all the pointed styles. 9. The ogee arch originated in the middle-pointed style, and was also employed in the third-pointed. It was used over tombs and niches; in doors, as at Witney, Oxfordshire; and in windows, as at Great Bedwin, Wiltshire. 10. Trefoiled, cinquefoiled, &c., were common throughout the pointed styles; and (11) the flat-headed trefoil, as at Lutton, Huntingdonshire. 12. The pointed segmental was chiefly used in first-pointed. 13. The four-centred arch was a debased third-pointed feature.

THE BISHOP OF COLOMBO'S VISITATION.

In the summer of the year 1846, the right Rev. Dr. Chapman, Bishop of Colombo, visited for the first time the Northern and Eastern provinces of his diocese, in the island of Ceylon. He sent home his journal to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel; and the Society has since published it.

The following extract gives an account of Trincomalee, with the first court of justice there, in which natives sat with Englishmen as jurors.

July 31st.-About ten o'clock we were off Fort Frederick, a fine granite rock, with a very bold escarpment of 200 feet perpendicular. Rounding it, we entered the magnificient harbour of Trincomalee; its first entrance is very beautiful in point of scenery, but rather disappointing from want of life, shipping, &c. It is completely land-locked, and sheltered, but accessible at all periods of the year, and changes of the monsoon. It was very hot; the thermometer stood at 91°. The day before had been felt most oppressively. We were received by the government agent and

the other public officers, and the chaplain, the Rev. S. O. Glennie, on the Admiral's jetty, and escorted to the Admiralty house, which had been prepared for our reception. It is a very large and spacious building, of rather curious structure, the interior arrangements not being unlike those of a ship, and open on every side (a great comfort in this hot climate) to every wind that blows. Its situation is beautifully elevated, and commands the entrance and broad expanse of the harbour, with its woody: islands and inlets, its waters of deepest blue, and shores of brighest green. There had been no rain for nine months, yet the aspect of the surrounding country was not arid or parched like that of Jaffna, but among the greenest of all the green spots of this evergreen country. The distant range of mountains towards the Kandiar country adds not a little to its beauty.

August 1st.-The Chief Justice went in his robes to church, for the opening of the Supreme Court; I preached the sermon, and after divine service, accompanied him to the court. It was very full: the Chief Justice, in his address, deservedly compli mented the province on the smallness of the calender, there being only a single criminal case of forgery during the whole year. At the close of this address, he urged persuasively and feelingly on all present to hold to integrity and piety through life, as that alone which can bring a man peace at the last. The juries are divided by a new law into two classes only, without any distinction of caste, nation, or religion; all who can speak English form the first class, and all others the second. In the jury-box, therefore, the assemblage is quite a mixed one, as the desire is great on the part of the natives to be ranked with the English jury; and the estimate of their own qualifications as to the amount of English learning is sometimes not unamusing, nor are they so much flattered, as humbled, often by the decision of the competent authority. The jury is always, therefore, of a motley character. English burghers (half-castes), native Singhalese, Malabars, and Moormen, all sit side by side. It seems be a practical and wise law, and if worked as an experiment

in a kindly and forbearing spirit at first, which is now the case, it will do much to break down the prejudices of caste, which in, Ceylon, unlike India, have little of a religious character mixed up with them. The present circuit is its first trial, and being carried out by the Chief Justice with temperate and unyielding but kindly firmness and consistency, is likely to work well. No further inconvenience has arisen than a little individual humiliation, which of itself will have some good effect, being in no way capriciously applied. All Christians are sworn, both native and European, as at home; others solemnly and sincerely affirm the truth. A remedy here is needed; the almost universal disregard of truth being most flagrant and reckless. A mere affirmation is little heeded, and the administration of justice is every day, by conflicting evidence, and perjury, made not only most sadly perplexing, but actually impossible.

Dr. Gardner brought in to-day some beautiful specimens of the tribe Kizophone, and very large and magnificent ferns, and also the finest specimens yet found of the mustard-tree of Scrip ture, gathered from the evergreen islets of Trincomalee har bour, and growing to a height of twenty-five feet. The collector of plants, and shells, and insects, has here an abundant and almost open field. Few naturalists have visited, fewer have much explored, and none have gone through this island. Dr. Gardner is adding to his discoveries almost every day. The shells also gathered by divers on this coast are very rich and varied; those picked up on the beach, though very beautiful to the eye, are not prized by collectors, as being dead shells, and often faulty and broken. Some of the residents have rich and beatiful collections.

The children of God do never reason thus:-"If God hath appointed the matter, it skilleth not what I do," but they use the appointed means, and leave God's counsels to himself. Bp. Babington.