INDE X.

Abbeville, human remains at, 356.
Aborigines of America, 362.
Abstraction, power of, the gift of man,

376.

Acalephs, 316.

Acceleration of earth's rotation, 403, 405.
Accumulation of brine, 298, 299.

"C

of petroleum, 282, 287, 291.

Agassiz, L., on glacier phenomena, 221.
on coral animals, 326.
on the Florida Reef, 327.
Age of Reptiles, 173.

C
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of Mammals, 199.

Acipenser, 166.
Actiniæ, 326.

66

Additions to the continent probable, 230. Archaeopteryx, 184, 318.
Adhémar on glacial theory, 442.
Adirondacs, rocks of, 78.
Adits in mines, 440.

Advent of man in Europe, 354.
Apiornis, 368.

Ages, periods, and epochs, 133.
Ages of prehistoric man, 353, 354.

Agents in terrestrial transformations, 35.
Aggregations of cosmical matter, 427.
Agriculture in primeval times, 364.
Air-breathers, conditions of existence of,

151.

Air-breathers, earliest, 166.
Aleutian Islands, 25.

(C

Alleghany Mountains in embryo, 94.
upheaved, 162, 310.
denuded, 399.

"
C

20

Antarctic Continent, 221.
Anticipations of man in Nature, 331.
Antiquity only relative, 414.
of man, 367.

*6

Appalachians upheaved, 162, 310.
denudation of, 340.
Aquatic habits and relative rank, 323.
Arabians on secular catastrophes, 386.
Aral Sea, why salt, 295.
Araucaria imbricata, 321.

363.

Andrias Scheuchzeri, 193.
Animals in isolated lakes, 237.
Annus Magnus, 382, 383, 442.
Antagonism of Nature's energies, 397.

references on, 440.
Arched Rock, Mackinac Island, 248.
Archegosaurus, 158.

Architecture, mimic, 207.

Arctic regions uplifted, 213, 311.
Argonauta Argo, 110.

Aristotle on eternity of existing order,
386.

Art in prehistoric times, 359, 365.
Artesian wells, 94.

66

[C

of Toledo, 242.
Arthrophycus Harlani, 124.
Articulated animals, 101.

، ،

46 order of, 316.
Asaphus caudatus, 81.
gigas, 108.

Ashley River, human relics at, 356.
Assorting action of water, 229, 232.
Asteroids and world harmonies, 330.
Asterolepis, 99.
Astræans, 327.

Astronomy and its wonders, 421.
Athens marble, 125.

Attitudes of man and other animals, 378.
Auk, the Great, 368.
Aurochs, 360.

Austen on human remains, 355.
Australian quadrupeds, 323.
Aymard on primeval man, 356.
Azoic scenes, 65.

Aztecs on cycles, 387.

Amazon River, 235.

เ

America populated from Asia, 362.
American Continent, see Continent
Desert, 345.
Amiens gravel, 367.
Amoeba princeps, 70.

Ammonites, characters of, 119
Mesozoic, 176.

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Ammonites canaliculatus, 119.
Amphibians, 317.

Amphicœlian vertebræ, 188.
Amphitheatre at Pictured Rocks, 87.
Analogies sometimes unsafe, 325.
Andreasberg mines, 439.

Andrews, E., on antiquity of man, 367, Basaltic rocks of Fingal's Cave, 34.

Basin of Middle Tennessee, 341, 342.
Basins of lakes excavated, 220, 224.
Bathygnathus borealis, 178, 184, 188.
Batrachians, 167.
Beaches, ancient, 230.

Baculites, characters of, 119.
Baculites ovatus, 117.

Bad Lands of Dakotah, 205, 206, 296.
Barrande on Trilobites, 80.

Beautiful, idea of the, correlated to Na-Burkesville oil region, 289.
ture, 374.

(4

"(

Beginning of terrestrial order, 397.
Behring's Straits crossed by man, 362.
once an isthmus, 369.
Beliefs, popular, in general catastrophes,
380.

Burlington, Iowa, geology of, 129.
Burning of the prairies, 266, 271.

66

not ornithic, 185.
Birds later than the tracks, 182.
Bison in Europe, 360.
Bitterns in salt-making, 302.
Black Hills of Dakotah, 78.
Black shales, 165.

Blowing oil wells, 284, 285.

Blue-grass region, geology of, S2, 344.
Bogs of Denmark, 253.

Bon Air, Tenn., situation of, 343.
Bones, fossil, of Bad Lands, 207.
Bothwell oil region, 288, 289.
Boucher de Perthes on primeval man,356.
Boulder at University of Michigan, 220.
"Bradford, Mass., 220.

[6

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Boulders as rock specimens, 63.
origin of, 220.
utility of, 265.

"C

Boussingault on vegetable accumulation,

155.

Brachiopods, 81.

Brachyural crustaceans, 326.
Bradford boulder, 220.

Brasseur on Aztec cosmogony, 387.
Brazil, glacier phenomena of, 221.
Brewster, Sir David, on nebular

Cabot's Head, 124.
Cæsar on cave-dwellers, 363.
Cage in mining, 139.

Cahawba, Alabama, reptiles of, 190.

Beneficence in glacier action, 227, 336.
Beneficence in continental submerg-Calamary, 116.
ences, 232.

Calamites, 136.

Beneficence in arrangement of springs, Calcareo-fragmental rocks, 136.
233, 234, 335.
Calcareous rocks, 5S, 133.

Beneficence in terrestrial disruptions, Calciferous sandstone, 82.
333.
California, no glacial drift in, 335.
Calymene senaria, 80.
Cambrian rocks, 67.

Beneficence in disclosure of mineral val-
ues, 333.

Beneficence in Nature correlated to man,

Camel formerly in America, 210.
Cane and prairies, 266.

374.

Beneficence and wisdom in coal-making,

Cannel coal a source of petroleum, 281,

160.

288.

Big Cañon of the Colorado, 346.
Bigsby, Dr., on Huronian, 67.
Bill-fish, 166, 320.

Billings, E., on St. John's Group, 75.
"Lower Helderberg, 126.
Bipedal footprints, 182.
reptiles, 182, 191.

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Bird-tracks of Connecticut, 182.

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CC

Cañons of the Colorado River, 345.
Carbonic acid in the atmosphere, 151, 166.
"the food of plants, 154, 166.
Carboniferous reptiles, 169.
Carpenter, Dr.W.B., on Eozoën, 69.
mummied wheat,

66

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(6

261.

Carpenter, Dr. W. B., on vitality of seeds,

261.

Cartesian "vortices," 418.
Caspian Sea, why salt, 295.
Cassander on the great year, 383.
Catastrophes, beliefs in, 380, 390.
Catskill Mountains and rocks, 129, 899.
group, 131, 439.
Caudal elongation, 324.

(

Causation in endless series, 395.
Cave-Bear, 354.

Cave-Bear Epoch, 353.
Cave-Hyena, 354.
Cave-Lion, 354.

"(

Caves with human remains, 352.
Cedar in New Jersey swamps, 257.
on shores of great lakes, 259.
Celts on secular revolutions, 386.
Cemeteries of extinct animals, 205, 206,
340.

Cenozoic Time, 201.

""

animals, 202.
Centemodon, 176.

Centre of earth still molten, 50.
Central heat, doctrine of, 433.
references on, 435.

"L

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hypothe-Cephalaspis, 99.
Cephalopods, 110, 316.

sis, 435.

Brahma, 383.

Brahmins on ether, 418.

Brine of the ocean, its origin, 60.
Brines, see Salt.

Chambers in mining, 143.

British Museum, 186.
Brorsen's comet, 418.
Bronze Age, 353.

Champlain Lake, geology of, 225, 230.
epoch, 239.
Chance precluded, 334.

Buffalo, N. Y., geology of, 126, 165.

Bulletins of creation, 319.

Brown stone of Connecticut Valley, 180. Changes in the human period, 369.
Buckland, Dr., 182, 321.
Chapel," Pictured Rocks," 91.
Chapel Falls, 92.
Chatham, Ontario, 241.
Chattanooga, Tenn., 343.
Chemical geology, 58.

Burial customs of primeval man, 366.
Buried vegetable germs, 250.

Cereals introduced from the East, 362.
Chaldeans on the order of Nature, 382.
Chambered shells, 114.

Chemical reactions on primeval earth, 59. Conglomerate of coal-measures, 153.
Chemung rocks, position of, 128.
a reservoir of brine, 301,

"

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"

(C as an oil-reservoir, 293.
Chicago, geology of, 125, 264.
artesian wells, 280.
oil-stained church, 280.
tunnel, 440.

66

"

Chili, changes on the coast of, 23.
Chimney Rock, Mackinac Island, 248.
Christian fathers on catastrophes, 382.
Christianity bound to appropriate sci-

280.

Coal-beds, 143, 156.

"making, process of, 153, 310.

measures, location of, 136, 155.

..

section of, 139.

(<

((

305.

Coal mine, excursion in, 139.
explosion in, 144.

"C

"

"mining, 143.
"oil, 282.

"period, scenery of, 149, 150.

"pipes, 158.
plants, 147.

(C

ence, 47.

Christol on primeval man, 355.
Christy on primeval man, 358.
Cicero on secular destructions, 386.
Cimoliosaurus, 190.

"L

Cincinnati, geology of, 82, 162, 340.
paved with boulders, 221.
64 group as a source of oil, 289.
Cisterns, subterranean, 232, 233.
Class modifications, 103.
Class-groups, succession of, 316.
Classification of strata, 437.
Clay's monument, 125.
Clepsysaurus Pennsylvanicus, 178.
Cleveland, geology of, 129, 165.
Cliff limestone, 127.
Climate of Mesozoic times, 197.

"C

"C

modified by lake influence, 225.
of Northern Michigan, 226.
Climatic changes since man's advent, 361.
Clothing of primeval man, 365.
Club-mosses, fossil, 148, 156.
Clymenia, character of, 119.
Clymenia Sedgwicki, 116.
Coal, how preserved, 160, 310.

แ

not the source of petroleum, 276, Cope, E. D., on reptiles, 183, 190.

Copper, Geology of, $4.

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as a boulder, 220.

(C

it

how made accessible, 334.
range, Lake Superior, 85.
Coral animals, succession of, 326.

64

uses of, 151.

Colorado River, cañons of, 345.

(C

305.

salt rocks, 305.
Columbus, Ohio, 94, 126, 165.

(C

Conglomerates, how formed, 133, 153.
Connecticut River sandstone and tracks,
180.

((

Kentucky, 255.
Comets not fuel carriers, 409.
approaching the sun, 418.
Composaurus, 176.
Comprehensive types, 318.

Comte on precipitation of planets, 421.
Cone of the Tinière, 368.

Constitution of sun and stars, 425.
Contemporaneousness of man and ex-
tinct animals, 355.

"L

"C

Continent, American, germ of, 73, 74, 309.
marked out, 95, 310.
section across, 95.
hydrography of, 96.
at end of Silurian,

((

(6

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((

(C

((

123.
Continent, American, in coal- measure
times, 149.

Continent, American, at end of Paleozoic
Time, 162.

Continent, American, in Reptilian Age,
195.

Continent, American, at end of Mesozoic
Time, 200.

Continent, the old, renovated, 219.
Continents formerly submerged, 25,
wearing out, 400.

(6

reefs of Florida, 231.

thickness of, 155.
as a source of brine, 296, Cordier on the temperature of the earth,
403.

Continental lagoon, 94.

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C4

growth, 95, 152, 195.
unity of, 307.
development, variation in,

213.
Continental shores, ancient, 224.
Convergence of ideas in man, 373, 375.
Cook, George H., on buried timber, 257.
Cooling of the earth, 50, 402.

66

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sun, 408,

Cobble-stones, 222.

<<

(C

utility of, 265.
Coger's Ferry, Kentucky, 344.

Colorado River, denudation by, 345, 346, Cretaceous age and reptiles, 189.

400,

(C

Corn long buried at Windsor, Conn., 256.
Corniferous limestone, 126.

66
(C

(C
"C

"

277, 278, 289, 290.
Cornwall copper mines, 439.
Cosmical machine, 394.
matter in space, 410.
Cosmogonies, ancient, 382, 383.
Creation in Aztec mythology, 387.
Creator. See "Deity" and "God."

brine, 306.
Crinidians, 316.

mass, 136.

and petroleum,

Crocodilians, Cretaceous, 191.
Cromlechs, 352.

Crust of earth partly of aqueous origin,

30.

**

Crust, first appearance of, 50.
wrinkles forming in, 53.
Crustacean type unfolded, 317.
Crustaceans, 316.

((

successive types of, 326.

Crystalline rocks, position of, 33.
Cuba to be annexed, 231.
Cubić miles of heat, 422.
Culbertson, Thaddeus, 210.
Culminations, lithological, 133.
Cumberland Mountains, 341, 399.
River, geology of, 341.
erosion by, 344.
Current of geological events, 399.
Cuttle-fish, 112, 116.
"" bone, 111.

((

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"C

CC

፡፡ fables of, 113.
Cuvier, George, 202.

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Cycles of geology grasped, 370.
"matter, 428.
Cystideans, 316.

Dakotah, fossil remains in, 205.
Dalcoath tin mine, 439.
Dana, J. D., portrait of, 312.

CC

"

on continental growth, 98.
Danube, piles in, 257.
Danville, Kentucky, geology of, 340.
Darien, isthmus may be cut, 369.
D'Arrest's comet, 418.
Darwin, Charles, quoted, 252.
Dawson, J. W., on Eozoön, 69.

(6

(C
(6

((

"Devonian plants, 129. Earth seen from Sirius, 406.
lithological recurren- Earthquakes, beneficence of, 333.
ces, 133.
Echinoderms, 316.
Dawson, J.W., on Carboniferous reptiles,

169.

Deane, Dr., on footprints, 168, 182, 183, 186.
Death of matter, 428.
Deductive reasoning in geology, 52, 66,
435, 436.

Egyptian mummies, wheat from, 261.
Egyptians on secular revolutions, 383.
Elasmosaurus, 190.
Elephants in ice, 221.

Deep mines, 439.

Elevations closing Lower Silurian, 122.
Elevatory forces growing feebler, 401.
Elk, the extinct Irish, 354, 355, 360.
Embryonic stages, 324.
Emergence of the continent, 229.
Emigrations of man, 362.
Emmons, E., on Permian rocks, 171.
Empire of fishes, 164.

""

"reptiles, geography of, 195.
Empires, geologic, 164.
Enaliosaurs, position of, 168.
synthetic, 173.
Encke's comet, 417, 419.
Encrinites, 107.

"C

Enniskillen, petroleum of, 276, 286, 289.

"L

"
((

test well at, 290.
surface wells of, 292.
flowing oil well of, 443.
Enrollment of chambered shells, 119.
Eosaurus Acadianus, 170.
Eozoïc Time, 72.

Eozoon Canadense, 68, 435.
Eozoon in other countries, 71.
Epochs, ages, and periods, 133.
Epsom salts as a natural product, 297.
Equilibrium the end of motion, 392.
Ericsson on solar heat, 408.
Erie, Lake, geology of, 224.
Erosion on Mendocino coast, 31.
of American Continent, 347.
Eruptions, submarine, 34.
Esquimaux Stone-folk, 363.
Eternity of existing order improbable,
381.

"C

Deep-sea temperatures, 404, 444.
Degeneration of organic types, 317.
Deinosaur, see Dinosaur.
Deity works by methods and means, 30.
attributes of, seen in coal-making,

(C

160.

Delta of Mississippi, growth of, 230.
Deluge, Mosaic, false estimates of, 28.
traditions of, 18.
Dendrerpeton Acadianum, 169.

"L

"

Denudation on Mendocino coast, 31.
"ancient shores, 56, 338.
products of, assorted, 57.
of primeval continent, 132,

"l

(6

347.
Denudation in geologic history, 338, 399.
Denys de Montfort, fables of, 115.
Desert, the Great American, 345, 347, 400.
Destructions and renovations in Nature,
381.

Distances, astronomical, 421.
Distribution of sediments, 57, 131, 132.
Disturbance of Eozoic strata, 74.
Divine agency in nature, 395.
Dodo, 368.
Dolerites, 52.
|Dolmens, 352, 359.

"L

Domestic animals of primeval times, 364
species from the East, 362.
Dominant ideas in Nature, 318.
Drainage features determined, 235.
Drift contains vegetable germs, 270.
Dromatherium, 189.

Development, abuse of the word, 47.
not fully sustained, 315, 321.
Devonian landscape restored, 130.
Diameter of earth shortened, 405.
Dicellocephalus Minnesotensis, 80.
Dinosaurians, 185, 188, 189, 191, 318.
Diorites, 52.

Dip of strata, law of, 136.
Dinotherium, 202.
Discina, 316.

Disintegration, see Denudation.

Druidical remains, 352.

Druids on secular revolutions, 386.
Drummond's Island, 124.

Dryness as a cause of prairies, 266.
Dubuque, Iowa, trilobites at, 81.
Duckenfeld mine, 439.
Dumfriesshire, reptiles in, 168.
Duncan, Dr., 168.

Duration of coal period, 155.
Durham coal mines, 439.
Durydorus serridens, 188.
Dwight, Dr. T., quoted, 252.
Dynasties, geologic, 164.

Ether in space, 418.
Euclastes platyops, 190.

Evans, Dr., on the Bad Lands, 205, 208.
Excavation by glacier torrents, 224.
Explosions in coal mines, 144.
Extinction of life in Lower Silurian, 106.
Extinctions of animals, 360, 368.
Eyes of trilobites, 81.

Faculties of primeval man, 363.
Falkland Islands, 369.
Fatty coals, 288.

Faye's comet, 418.
Ferns, fossil, 148, 163.

agency of, in rock formation, 32.

the reign of, 49.

known to primeval man, 365.

เ

Filtering action of sand, 232.
Fingal's Cave, 34.
Finiteness of geologic periods, 370, 397. Georgian Bay, geology of, 225.
Finns, 363.

Gerhard on the prairies, 268.

Fiords, origin of, 220.
Fire, the ordeal by, 28.

"

CL

،،

Germ of American Continent, 73, 97, 132,
Germs wanting in lake-sediments, 270.
present in glacial drift, 270.
Gestation as determining rank, 325.
Glacial epochs, theories of, 441.
references on, 443.
Glacier of Bute Inlet, 212.

CC

(C

66

(6

""

CC

phenomena wanting on Pacific
coast, 221.

Glacier action beneficent, 227.

66

"

general, 375.

Glaciers in temperate America, 214.

marks of, 214.

CC
"C
CC

66

CC

seeds buried by, 270.

Glasgow (Kentucky) oil region, 288, 292.
Glyptonotus antarcticus, 321, 322.
Gneiss, composition and position of, 58.
Goal of the struggling forces, 428.
God, history of matter leads to, 40.
declared in nebular hypothesis, 46.
Goessman on Petite Anse, 306.
Gold, how made accessible, 335.
Goniatites, characters of, 119.
Goniatites Allei, 116.

((

(C

Marshallensis, septa of, 119.
Gradational succession of organic types,
315, 316.

Graham's Island, origin of, 23.
Grains introduced from the East, 362.
Grand Portal, Pictured Rocks, 89.
Sable, Lake Superior, 93.

(6

(6

Traverse region, climate of, 226,

227.

(C

Granites, composition of, 52.
relative position of, 58.
Graptolites, 316.

Grasp of geologic time, 370.
Gravel-beds with human remains, 352.
Gray, Asa, against mummied wheat, 261.
Great Americau Desert, 345, 400.

CC

Consolidated copper mines, 439.
Green Bay, 124.

Ci

Mountains, marks of submergence

energies of, wasting, 398.
-damp in mines, 145.
-weeds, 251, 260.
Firmaments, 426, 427.
Fish-garpikes, 120.
"earliest, 126.

"L

type unfolded, 317.
Fishes, empire of, 164.

(6

succession of, 326.
Fixed stars in motion, 392.
Florida once a coral reef, 201.
growth of, 231.
Reef, 327.

<"

CC

Flowing oil wells, 284, 285.
Folds in the mountains, 310.
Food of primeval man, 365.
Footprints of Labyrinthodonts, 173.
in Connecticut Valley, 182.
not or-

"

"L

(C

<<

(C

nithic, 185.

Foraminifera, nature of, 69.
Forbes, E., on footprints, 182.
Force, forms of, 93.

Forces struggling toward stagnation, 428.
Forest-growths alternating, 252.
Forests encroached upon by prairies, 268,

270.

Formations furnishing oil, 2SS.
Fossils, how and what they teach, 13.
Foster and Whitney on Pictured Rocks,

$7.

Fracastoro, opinions of, 26.

Fragmental rocks, how formed, 133.
Freiburg mines, 439.

Friction in the heavens, 417.
Frog, position of, 167.
Frost, invasion of, 214.

Fruit in Northern Michigan, 226.
Fucoids at Lake Superior, $3.
Fundamental plan in animals, 100.
Fungidæ, 327.

Furrows, glacial, 215, 217.

Gangway in mining, 143.
Ganoid fishes, 165.

"L

Garpikes of North America, 120.
a retrospective type, 320.
Garrigou on primeval man, 366.
Gas wells, 283.

66

with petroleum, 2S3.
Gaspé, geology of, 128.
Gasteropods, 81, 316.

(6

Genesee shale, position of, 127.
44 a source of oil, 288.
Geographical range of man and animals,

377:

Geological succession of organic types,
336.

Geology in petroleum-finding, 279, 288.
"salt-finding, 304.

CC

of Europe at man's advent, 361.

erosion by, 215, 344.

renovating the continent, 219.
existing, 221.

on, 229.
Gucumatz in Aztec mythology, 388.
Gulf States, surface materials of, 222.
"Stream and continental growth, 231.