A Treatise on Civil EngineeringJ. Wiley & Son, 1875 - 607 páginas |
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Términos y frases comunes
abutments arch arranged axis bars beam béton blocks bolts bottom braces breaking strain brick bridge caisson calcined carbonic acid cast iron centre chains chord clay compression concrete connected construction counterforts cross curved cylinders deflection depth diagonal diameter durability effect engineer experiments exterior feet flanch foundation fracture frame Franklin Institute give Hodgkinson horizontal hot blast hydraulic cement hydraulic lime immersion interior kiln laid layers length limestones lower masonry material ments metal mortar ordinary piers pillars placed plates platform points of support Portland cement pressure resistance rest ribs roadway roadway-bearers sand secured sheeting piles side slaked soffit soil solid span specific gravity specimen square inch steel stone strength string pieces structure struts suitable surface suspended temperature tensile tensile strength termed thickness timber tion transverse strain truss tube upper uprights usually vertical voussoirs wall weight wire wrought iron yield
Pasajes populares
Página 139 - When a body is subjected to a transverse strain, some of its particles are extended and others compressed ; I was desirous to ascertain whether the above defect in elasticity arose from tension or compression, or both. Experiments 4 and 5 show this ; in these a section of the casting, which was...
Página 416 - In some cases surface drains, termed catch-water drains, are made on the side slopes of cuttings. They are run up obliquely along the surface, and empty directly into the cross drains which convey the water into the natural water-courses. When the roadway is in side-forming, cross drains of the ordinary form of culverts are made, to convey the water from the side channels and the covered drains into the natural watercourses. They should be of sufficient dimensions to convey off a large volume of...
Página 173 - For the coping and top courses of a wall, the same objections do not apply to excess in length : but this excess may, on the contrary, prove favorable ; because the number of top joints being thus diminished, the mass beneath the coping will be better protected, being exposed only at the joints, which cannot be made water-tight, owing to the mortar being crushed by the expansion of the blocks in warm weather, and, when they contract, being washed out by the rain.
Página 174 - The surfaces of the other set must be perpendicular to these, and at the same time perpendicular to the face or to the back of the wall, according to the position of the stones in the mass. Two essential points will thus be attained ; the angles of the blocks, at the top and bottom of the course, and at the face or back, will be right angles, and the block will therefore be as strong as the nature of the stone will admit. The principles...
Página 345 - ... Harvard University. This he has laid out in a beautiful park to be free to the public, and with the name " The Serpent Mound Park." It is in a wild and picturesque country and must eventually be a favorite place of public resort. The Professor, who is an accomplished archaeologist, regards this as one of the most remarkable structures of its kind in the world. His description of the work is as follows: " The head of the serpent rests on a rocky platform which presents a precipitous face to the...
Página 412 - To prevent, as far as possible, the settling which takes place in embankments, they should be formed with great care ; the earth being laid in successive layers of about four feet in thickness, and each layer well settled with rammers. As this method is very expensive, it is seldom resorted to except in works which require great care, and are of trifling extent.
Página 149 - ... 51. In screwed bolts the breaking strain is found to be greater when old dies are used in their formation than when the dies are new, owing to the iron becoming harder by the greater pressure required in forming the screw thread when the dies are old and blunt, than when new and sharp.
Página 173 - The size of the blocks varies with the kind of stone, and the nature of the quarry. From some quarries the stone may be obtained of any required dimensions ; others, owing to some peculiarity in the formation of the stone, only furnish blocks of small size.
Página 130 - In remarking on the circumstances attending the rupture, Mr. Hodgkinson farther observes : " We may assume, therefore, without assignable error, that in the crushing of short iron prisms of various forms, longer than the wedge, the angle of fracture will be the same. This simple assumption, if admitted, would prove at once, not only in this material, but in others which break in the same manner, the proportionality of the crushing force in different forms to the area ; since the area of fracture...
Página 487 - ... culvert. If the water of the brook is generally limpid, and its current gentle, it may, in the last case, be received into the canal. The communication of the brook, or feeder, with the canal, should be so arranged that the water may be shut off, or let in at pleasure, in any quantity desired. For this purpose a cut is made through the side of the canal, and the sides and bottom of the cut are faced with masonry laid in hydraulic mortar.