AMERICA ILLUSTRATED. FROM ITS FIRST DISCOVERY TO THE PRESENT ADMINISTRATION. GIVING AN ACCOUNT OF THE EARLY DISCOVERIES BY THE NORTHMEN, SPANIARDS, PORTUGUESE, FRENCH, ENGLISH, DUTCH, ETC., ETC.: WITH THEIR SUFFERINGS AND PRIVATIONS IN FOUNDING COLONIES, THEIR NUMEROUS AND BLOODY WARS WITH THE INDIANS, A DETAILED ACCOUNT OF ALL THE VARIOUS REVOLUTIONS IN THE SEVERAL COLONIES AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF INDEPENDENT REPUBLICS, WITH THEIR SUBSEQUENT HISTORY; BEING THE GREAT EXPERIMENT OF THE WORLD. BY HENRY BROWNELL, A. M. TWO VOLUMES, ROYAL OCTAVO. THE NORTHMEN IN AMERICA. VOL. I. THE SPANIARDS IN AMERICA: MEXICO, PERU, CHILI, FLORIDA. THE WEST INDIES, ETC., WITH SPANISH AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS. THE PORTUGUESE IN AMERICA: BRAZIL. THE DUTCH IN AMERICA. THE FRENCH IN AMERICA: CANADA, ACADIA, LOUISIANA, Eto. BEAUTIFULLY ILLUSTRATED WITH STEEL PLATE ENGRAVINGS, BY THE FIRST ARTISTS IN AMERICA AND EUROPE. PUBLISHED BY SUBSCRIPTION ONLY BY HURLBUT, WILLIAMS & COMPANY AMERICAN SUBSCRIPTION PUBLISHING HOUSE, INTRODUCTION.. E18 To one inspecting a map of the Western Hemisphere, the territories of that great division, adapted to a civilized population, appear pretty equally divided among the representatives of three European nations—England, Spain, and Portugal. France and Holland, whose transactions on the same theatre of action form a considerable item in the history of the past, have nearly-the first, from the insufficiency of her marine, and the second, from the feebleness of the parent state-lost the footing which their early enterprise attained, and, for the future, will probably take but little share in the destinies. social or political, of America. Of the three races which have finally succeeded to the vast inheritance of the New World, that of Portugal, possessing the empire of Brazil-an empire embracing, it is probable, an ampler amount of natural wealth, and more numerous internal resources of greatness than any single country on the globe-must, from the present sparseness of population, and the comparatively general ignorance which prevails, be long in attaining any thing like national eminence. The colonies of Spain, for some ages the most numerous and valuable that had been held by any nation since the days of Rome, after fruitlessly enriching the mother country, and suffering great oppression in return, nearly simultaneously cast off the yoke, and adopted constitutions more or less liberal-for the most part, unfortunately, only to evince, by a chronic state of revolution, their entire incapacity for self-government. In the Anglo-American states, at the present time, two experiments, political and social, the most important in the history of the world, are being tried-the capacity for absolute self-government of a great nation, occupying a territory, from its vastness of extent, and diversity of climate, dependent entirely on moral causes for the union of its inhabitants-and the effect of mingling in a single commonwealth a variety of European races, each receiving continual accessions of fresh nationality from an unprecedented tide of emigration. Up to this moment, a measure of success far greater than the most sanguine could have anticipated, has attended both of these novel phases in the great cycle of human destiny. A liberty, more nearly approaching to entire non-restraint than any of which history affords an example, has been found compatible with the highest security for person and property, and even with a tolerable permanence of national policy, both domestic and foreign. And, strange to say, from the heterogeneous elements so hurriedly thrown into contact, and still in a state of imperfect fusion, a national character is rapidly forming, possessed, it is probable, of stronger elements of greatness. than could be found in the constitution of any other people, ancient or modern. A universal mental activity-an inventive genius, bolder, acuter, and more original than has ever before been developed a spirit of enterprise characterized by almost feverish eagerness and industry-yet, so far, remarkably free from the imputation of aggression--such are some of the prominent traits of a people, as yet in comparative political infancy, and whose ultimate position and history present, both to calculation and imagination, outlines vaster and bolder than any which the experience of the past world can supply. CONTENTS. ANCIENT Aboriginal Races; the Scandinavian Voyagers; Discovery of Iceland; Eirek the Red; Dis- covery and Settlement of Greenland; North America accidentally discovered by Biarni Heriulfson; Voyage of Leif Eirekson; America named Vinland; the Voyage and Discoveries of Thorvald-His The Voyage of Thorfinn Karlsefni; Worship of the God Thor in America; Transient Settlements; Fight with the Indians; Return; Noble conduct of Biarni Grimolfson; Mention of Vinland in many Ancient Chronicles; the Story of Biorn Asbrandson; Icelandic Remains; a Conjectured Welsh Early Life of Columbus-His Experience and Attainments; General Passion for Discovery; Formation of his Scheme; Negotiations with the Court of Portugal; Treachery of the King; Columbus in Spain- His Poverty; La Rabida; Application to the Court of Spain; Delays; the Council of Salamanca- Delay and Disappointment experienced by Columbus-His Final Success, and Treaty with the Court o. Spain; Obstacles to the Project; the Pinzons; Sailing of the Expedition; Particulars of the Voyage, Perseverance of Columbus; Discovery of Guanabani; the Natives; Erroneous Expectations of Discovery of other Bahama Islands; Continued Expectations of finding Asia; Discovery of Cuba Discovery of Hayti, or Hispaniola; Character of the inhabitants; the Cacique Guacanagari; the Santa Maria wrecked; La Navidad fortified; Columbus sails for Spain; Further Adventures with the The Voyage to Spain; Peril from Tempests; Reflections of Columbus; Perfidious Conduct of a Portu- guese; Columbus arrives at Lisbon; Mortification of King John; the Arrival at Palos; Death of Pinzon; Splendid Reception of the Admiral at Court; Honours conferred on him; His Second Voyage; Great Excitement; Discovery of Dominica, Gaudaloupe, Porto Rico, &c.; Adventures with the |