The Devil, the Gargoyle, and the Buffoon: The Negro as Metaphor in Western Literature

Aaron Afro-Cuban Aimé Césaire American Negro artistic assimilé bembón blackness in human blancs bozal buffoon Bug-Jargal caminando Caribbean caricature celebrative century Césaire Césaire's Chapter color configuration creolization Cuba cult culture decadent devil dialect drama drums effective Elizabethan energies English esthetic Europe European exile exotic expression Folklore folktales Freetown French Haiti Haitian Harlem Renaissance hen mandioment Hispanic Ibid identity incongruous insofar intense Jazz jitanjáfora kind Langston Hughes Legba literary literature London lyrical mandioment en hen manifestations metaphors mongrel Moor mulata Ñañiguismo nature nègre négritude Negro Negro Poetry negroid negrophilism Nicolás Guillén Noirs offered Othello Paris Pays Natal peculiar perception period perspective play poem poet preacher precarious race racial rhythms rumba Senghor sense Sierra Leone Creole singing slave song Spanish suggest surrealist symbolic Tamburlaine Tamora Timbuktu Titus Andronicus Toussaint Louverture Tout Nanchon tradition transformation tropical vital voice Voodoo Weary Blues West African West Indies Ltd York Yoruba