The Shaping of Modern Thought

accept American anti-intellectual antinomian Aristotle artists attitude authority Bacon behavior believe called Calvinism Calvinist Catholic Church Christian classical clearly complex cosmology course cumulative knowledge democracy democratic Descartes doctrine earth economic eighteenth century England English Enlightenment Erastian existence fact faith feel freedom French French Revolution God's Greek groups historian humanists ideal idealist ideas important individual intellectual history kind least liberty living logical Luther Machiavelli Marx Marxist matter means medieval Middle Ages mind moral natural science nineteenth century noncumulative organization perhaps philosophers Plato political prince problem Protestant Protestant Reformation Protestantism rationalist reason rebels Reformation religion religious Renaissance Revolution Roman Roman Catholic Church scholars Scholasticism scientific scientist sects seems sense sixteenth century social society sort super-ego theory things thinkers thought tion traditional Christianity true truth Victorian Western culture Western world whole word writers