CONTENTS.

INTRODUCTION.

PAGE

Adaptation of Food to Animals-Animal Manufacturers-Brigands-

Messmates-Mutualists-Theory of Spontaneous Generation .. xiii

CHAPTER I.

ANIMAL MESSMATES.

Definition-Free Messmates-Fixed Messmates

CHAPTER II.

FREE MESSMATES.

Found in all Classes-Fierasfers in Holothuridae-Pilot Fish-

Remora-Crustacean Messmates-Poisoning by Mussels-Pearl

Mussel and small Crab-Dromia-Turtle Crabs-Macrourous

Decapods-Hermit Crabs-Friendship of Pagurus and Anemone

-Isopods - Messmates on Whales Molluscan Messmates-

Lerneans Distomes-Messmates of the Echinodermata-Of

Sponges-Infusorial Messmates

CHAPTER III.

FIXED MESSMATES.

...

Cirrhipedes - Importance of Embryology—Recurrent Development

-Messmates, characteristic of the various Species of Whales

-Cirrhipedes on Sharks - Crustaceans, Messmates on other

Crustaceans Cirrhipedes on Molluscs - Bryozoa Fossil

Messmates-Messmates on Sponges Spicules of Hyalonema-

Ophiodendrum

...

1

4

53

Definition

CHAPTER IV.

MUTUALISTS.

Ricinidae-Trichodectes of Dog harbouring Larva of

Tænia-Arguli-Caliguli—Ancei—Pranizæ—Cyami-Nematode

Mutualists Strange form of Histriobdella-Egyptian Distome

in Man

...

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68

CHAPTER V.

PARASITES.

Distinction between Parasites and Carnivora-Parasites found on all

Classes of Animals-Males dependent on Females-Parasites on

Man-Abundant Parasites in Stork-All the Organs nourish

Parasites Different size of Male and Female - Lerneans-

Diplozoa-Migration of Parasites-Corresponding Changes of

Form-Parasites restricted to certain Regions-Former Theory

of Spontaneous Generation

...

...

...

85

CHAPTER VI.

PARASITES FREE DURING THEIR WHOLE LIFE.

Leeches-Vampires-Cylicobdella-Branchellions-Gnats-Black-
flies-Mosquitoes-Gnats in high Latitudes-Tsetse-Ox-flies-
Pteropti-Nycteribia-Bugs-Lice-Fleas-Itch Insect-Acari

on Beetles and Bees-Cheyletus eruditus

CHAPTER VII.

PARASITES FREE WHILE YOUNG.

...

Isopod Parasites — Chigoe― Ticks-Pigeon-mite-Bopyrida-Ich-

thoxenus-Peltogasters-Tracheliastes-Penella-Lerneans-

Guinea-worm-Leptodera of Snail- Nematodes in Bones-

Lichnophore-Gregarinæ

...

...

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138

CHAPTER VIII.

PARASITES THAT ARE FREE WHEN OLD.

Utility of Ichneumons-Scoliæ of Tan-beetles-Scolyti of Seychelles
Cocoa-nut Trees - Elms at Brussels destroyed by Scolyti

PAGE

-Polynema in Eggs of Dragon-fly - Sphex - Platygaster

Horse-fly-Livingstone-Animals in Paraguay destroyed by

Hippobosci-Dipterous Parasites on Sheep and Stag-Gordius-

Shower of Worms-Eels in Ears of Corn

CHAPTER IX.

PARASITES THAT MIGRATE AND UNDERGO

METAMORPHOSES.

-

-

Nostosites-Xenosites-Hosts serving as a Crèche, a Vehicle, or a

Lying-in Hospital-Lamarck on Spontaneous Generation-Tre-

matodes-Monostomes-Sporocysts and Cercaria-Passage from

one Host to another- Distomes Flukes · Hemistomes

Amphistomes-Tania of the Dog and Wolf-Hydatids-Tania

solium in Man-Cysticercus of Pig-Cysticercus of Rabbit and

Hare passing into Dog-Conurus of Sheep-Bothriocephalus-

Linguatula in Negro-Strongyli-Trichinæ-Panic in Germany

-Vibriones in Corn-Echinorrhynchus-Dicyema

CHAPTER X.

PARASITES DURING THEIR WHOLE LIFE.

Strepsitera-Stylops-Rhipiptera-Tristomida-Epibdella - Diplo-

zoon, two Individuals-Polystomum of Frog-Gyrodactyles—

Cochineal Insect-Aphides-Phylloxera of Vine-An Acaris,

its Mortal Enemy-Ant-Cows - Bonnet's Theory of Germs-

The Reduvius personatus, a valuable enemy to the Bed-bug

162

183

255

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

FIG.

1.-Ophiodendrum abietinum on Sertularia abietina 2.-Ricinus of the Pygarg

3.-Caligulus elegans, female: ditto, natural size 4.-Different forms of the Bite of a Leech

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