derogatory sense, overgrown, boisterous. From same root as bourgeon, with A. S. suffix -lic (=like). For similiar slight degeneration of meaning, cp. buxom.

Buxom (VI. iv. 24)=agreeable, jolly. A. S. bucsum=easily bent, from A. S. bugan=to bend. 'Buxom' is now generally used of a stout person.

Cabala (III. vi. 20)=(1) the name given to a Jewish doctrinal system that arose about A.D. 1200; (2) as here, any secret or magical system. A word of Hebrew origin.

Cairn (v. xiv. 21)=a pile of stones on the top of a hill. Gaelic, carn a rock.

Caitiff (VI. i. 3)= =a low degraded person. Fr. chétif from L. captivus, from which comes 'captive' directly. Cp. spirit and sprite, fact and feat. Caitiff seems to be used here in its older sense of 'captive.'

Casque (VI. XX. 15)=helmet; probably from Sp, casco a skull or helmet.

Cavil (VI. xxx. 13) = to raise idle objections. O. Fr. caviller from L. cavillari to banter. Original root uncertain.

=

Chalice (III. ii. 12)=a cup, especially a communion-cup. O. Fr. calice. L. calix. Gk. Kúλ=a drinking cup.

Champ (1. xxxi. 14)=to eat or move the jaw noisily; used especially of horses biting their bits or curbs. Either from Fr. champoyer=to graze in the fields, from L. campus=a field; or, more probably, from a Scand. root. Skeat refers to Swedish dialect, kämca=to chew hard.

Champion (1. xxviii. 10)=a warrior, especially one who fights a duel on behalf of another. Low L. campus a duel from L. campus=a field, esp. a field of battle.

Chaplet (II. ix. 30)=a wreath. O. Fr. chapelet=0. Fr. chape (L. capa) a cloak, with diminutive suffixes -el and -et.

Cheer (IV. xxxi. 1)=(1) a face, from O. Fr. chere. Low. L. cara=a face; (2) joyful feelings expressed by the face; (3) as here, that which makes a man joyful.

Chide (1. viii. 21)= to blame or contend with. A. S. cidan, perhaps connected with A. S. cwedan = to speak.

Churlish (II. xxxv. 21)=ill-mannered. Churl=(1) a freeman not of the rank of an earl. A. S. ceorl; (2) a rude, illmannerly person. Cp. for similar degeneration of meaning, ‘villain.'

Claymore (II. xiv. 8)=a broadsword, especially the kind used by Highlanders. Gaelic claidheach a sword and mor=great.

Clotted (v. xvi. 19)=coagulated into lumps. Clot was originally the same word as clod and meant 'a ball,' from A. S. clóte=the burr or ball that grows on the burdock (Arctium Lappa).

Cognizance (v. xxxi. 3)=a sign or badge; used especially of armorial bearings. L. cognoscere to know.

Coif (III. xx. 8) = a cap, or covering for the head; in Scotland especially the head-dress of married women. From the same root as cup. Cp. L. cupa a cask or drinking vessel.

Coil (111. xxiv. 9=bustle, confusion. From Gaelic root goil to boil or rage. Cp. Tempest, 1. ii. 207:

"Who was so firm, so constant, that this coil

Would not infect his reason."

Collation (VI. xxiii. 8)=(1) a conference or discourse; (2) as here, a light meal, such as was eaten in monasteries while the collations or discourses were being read aloud. O. Fr. collation from L. collatio=a bringing together.

Conjure (IV. xvi. 23)=(1) to implore solemnly, as here; (2) to control spirits by invocation; (3) to do tricks that appear magical.

Copse (1. ii. 14) or coppice a wood of small growth. O. Fr. copeau =a wood newly cut, from cop=a blow. Low L. colpus; L. colophus; originally a Greek word.

Correi (III. xvi. 17)="the hollow on the side of a hill where the game lies." Scott. A Gaelic word.

Corslet (VI. xx. 15)=a small cuirass worn by foot soldiers. Fr. corsa body and diminutive suffixes -el and -et.

Courser (I. xxii. 18)=a racer; used of a horse, as here, a charger. O. Fr. coursier, L. cursorius from L. currere=to run.

Coy (111. ii. 5)=modest, bashful. O. Fr. coi, from L. quietus, from which comes 'quiet' directly.

Cushat-dove (111. ii. 21)=ring-dove. A. S. cusceote=cowshot. The name is still used in Scotland.

=

Cumber (III. xvi. 18)= trouble, difficulty. O. F. combrer to hinder. Low L. cumbrus=a heap, a corruption of L. cumulus.

Daggled (IV. xxvii. 6) = bedewed, moistened. Scand. dag=a gentle rain or mist; from same root as 'dew.' The word survives in the expression 'daggle-tailed' or 'daggled-tail,' used of a slovenly person. Cp. Lay of the Last Minstrel, 1. xxix. 9, 10:

"The warrior's very plume, I say,

Was daggled by the dashing spray."

Damosel (VI. ix. 18)=a girl. An older form of 'damsel.' Feminine

of O. Fr. damoisel. Low L. domicellus a page, a diminutive of L. dominus a lord.

Dank (v. iii. 16)= moist, damp. A word of Scand. origin, connected with Swedish dagg=dew. Cp. ' daggled.'

Dingle (I. x. 7)=a little hollow or valley. Dingle and dimple are both variations of dipple a little dip, or hollow.

Dirge (11. vii. 16)=a funeral song or lament. L. dirige, imperative of L. dirigere to direct. One of the chants of the ancient office for the dead began with Ps. v. 8, 'Dirige, Dominus meus, in conspectu tuo vitam meam.'

Ditty (II. xviii. 14)=a little song. Originally anything spoken. L. dictatum from L. dictare to say or dictate.

Down (I. xxx. 15)=a hill. A. S. dun, cognate with A. S. tun, a hedge, or enclosure, from which comes 'town.'

Down (III. xxix. 12)=soft plumage. A word of Scand. origin, from a root meaning to shake or blow, from which comes dust.

Dross (II. xxii. 4)=dregs, refuse. A. S. dros that which falls to the bottom, dregs; from dreosan=to fall.

Eglantine (1. xii. 3)=sweet briar. O. Fr. aglantine from L. aculeus =a sting or prickle, diminutive of acusa needle.

Elf (IV. xiv. 8) = a fairy, or little sprite. A. S. alf.

Emboss'd (I. vii. 4)=covered as though with a raised pattern. Scott appears to have confused two distinct words, (1) emboss to cover with 'bosses' or raised work. E.g. Marmion, 1. vi. 3−4:

"His strong helm, of mighty cost,

Was all with burnish'd gold emboss'd";

and (2) emboss, a technical hunting term meaning to drive hard. E.g. Spenser, Faerie Queene, III. xii. 17,

"As a dismayed deare in chase embost,

Forgetful of his safety, hath his right way lost."

The derivation of this word is doubtful. It may be the same word as (1) and refer to the 'bosses' of foam on the mouth and flanks of a stag when exhausted; or perhaps emboss, Fr. embosquer (em=in and O. F. bosque a wood) to enclose in a wood, e.g. Shakespeare, All's Well, &c. III. vi. 107, "We have almost embossed him."

Erne (VI. xv. 9)=eagle. A Scotch word; allied to A. S. earn=an eagle.

Espial (II. xxviii. 33)=spying, observation.

spy out.

O. Fr. espier=to

Eyry (VI. xv. 9) or eyrie an eagle's nest. Originally spelt aery.

Skeat connects with Scand. ari=an eagle. The derivation often suggested from M. E. ey, A. S. ag, an egg, is almost certainly wrong. Fain (1. iv. 8)=glad. A. S. fægen from original root meaning 'to fix' and so 'to satisfy.'

Falchion (1. xvi. 18)=a sword; properly a curved sword. L. falx= a sickle.

Fallow (1. xxxi. 18)=(1) yellow or reddish-coloured; so, from the colour of ploughed land, (2) land ploughed but not sown. A. S. fealu =yellow. From same original root comes L. pallidus from which is derived 'pale.'

Fane (IV. xi. 3)=a church or sacred building. L. fanum=a temple. Fay (1. xxii. 22)=fairy. Fr. fée. Low L. fata a fairy, goddess of destiny, from L. fatum=fate, destiny.

Fell (II. XXXV. 10)=a hill; from same root as A. S. feld, from which comes 'field.'

Fell (1. xxix. 12)= fierce. A. S. fel, possibly connected with same root as 'felon.' Cp. Danish fal=hideous, grim.

Feud (v. xiii. 7)= =a quarrel, cause of enmity. A. S. faho from fáh=hostile, from which comes foe. No connection with feud=a fief. Fibre (1. xxv. 10)=a thread. L. fibra. Used here, in unusual sense, for the thin branches of trees.

Fleck'd (III. ii. 17)=spotted. Fleck =a spot, a word of Scand. origin, from a root meaning to strike (and so make a spot or mark). Cp. 'flick.'

Flounder (1. xxxiii. 11)=to splash about or struggle, especially in a damp or slippery place. Dutch flodderen, from a root allied to that from which comes 'flag'=(1) to flap about, and so (2) to become weary, as in I. vi. 5.

Foray (II. xi. 16)=a plundering expedition; originally the same word as forage, and meaning to collect fodder for cattle, from O. Fr. forre=

straw.

Fraught (111. xxiii. 17)=laden, past part. of M. E. verb frahten=to lade, from which also comes freight=a cargo.

Frigate (1. xxiv. 8)=a ship; properly a large ship of war, but often used poetically for a boat. Cp. Spenser, Faerie Queene, II. vi. 7: "Behold the water worke and play

About her little frigat, therein making way."

Garnish (I. xxvii. 26)=to decorate. O. Fr. garner or warner to defend or fortify. Of O. G. origin.

Glaive (IV. viii. 1)=a sword. O. Fr. glaive from L. gladius. Glozing (II. xxviii. 2)=flattering or explanatory. The former is

L. L.

15

probably the meaning here. The same word as 'glose' or 'gloss,' from Gk. yλwooaa tongue. Cp. 'glossary.'

Goad (III. XXX. 11)=(1) a sharp-pointed stick for driving cattle; (2) as here, any feeling or thought that urges on by paining. Older form gad survives in 'gadfly.' Probably of Scand. origin.

Grisly (1. xxxiv. 11)=horrible. A. S. root grus-to shudder, from which comes 'gruesome.'

Grizzled (III. iv. 7)= tinged with grey. Fr. gris grey, suffix -el.

Groom (IV. xxiii. 22)=(1) a young man; (2) as here, a servant or man of low station; (3) a man who attends to horses. Probably from A. S. guma a man, the being inserted as in vagrant (from L. vagans) corporal (from Fr. caporal).

Guerdon (II. xii. 19)=reward.

O. Fr. word from O. G. wider=

against, in return for, and L. donum=a gift.

Gyve (VI. i. 15)=a fetter, rare in singular, but common in plural, 'gyves.' Also used as verb in Othello, II. i. 170, "I will gyve thee in thine own courtship." A word of Gaelic origin connected with a root meaning to 'take' or 'receive.'

Halbert (VI. iii. 18)=a spear with an axe on the top. Originally a long-handled axe, from H. G. halma handle and parta, perhaps connected with H. G. part a beard.

Hectic (II. xxxii. 5)=feverish, flushed as though by fever. A Greek word, meaning 'habitual,' applied to the constant red spot on the cheeks in fever.

Henchman (II. xxxv. 15)=a servant. Probably from M. E. hengest =a horse and man, and so meaning horse-man or groom. The derivation suggested by Scott from haunch, because the henchman's duty was to stand by the side of his master, is almost certainly incorrect.

Hie (1. x. 13)= hasten. A. S. higian to hasten. Chiefly used now as an exclamation or command.

Homage (II. xxix. 19)= the act of submission of a vassal to his lord. L. homo a man. The vassal by act of homage became the 'man' of

his lord.

Hose (II. xxv. 3) = stockings. A. S. hosa covering for the leg. Root unknown.

Hostage (v. xxi. 29)=a surety, a person delivered as pledge for the fulfilment of a treaty. O. Fr. hostage, through Low L. from L. obses= a hostage, from ob at or about and ses from sedere to sit, and so meaning one who sits at court.