855. 856. 858. 860. 865. 866. 867. 868. 870. 871. The Northmen for the first time remain over the winter in Ethelwulf is succeeded by his son, Ethelbald. ETHELBALD, ETHELBERT, AND ETHEL- Ethelbald is succeeded by his brother Ethelbert. The Northmen ravage Kent. Ethelbert is succeeded by his brother Ethelred. The Northmen passing from East Anglia take York. The Northmen defeat and kill Edmund, King of East Anglia. Battle of Englefield, Northmen defeated. 872. 875. 876. 877. 878. 879. 880. c. 890. 893. 897. 901. 905. Ethelred is succeeded by his brother Alfred. ALFRED, 871-901 (30 YEARS). Battle of Wilton, Northmen victorious. Peace between the Northmen and the West Saxons. Battle of Ethandun, English victorious. Alfred retreats Peace of Chippenham (or Wedmore) (a). England north of Watling Street is ceded to the Danes. The Northmen apportion East Anglia. Alfred issues his laws. The Northmen defeated at Louvain, passing from Boulogne, ravage [Much fighting all over England for four years.] Alfred builds a new fleet and stops the invasions. EDWARD THE ELDER, 901-925 (24 YEARS). Ethelwald, son of Ethelred I., rebels, and flies to the Northmen of Northumbria. Ethelwald is killed in battle with the Kentishmen. (a) This was the district often known as that of the Five Burghs (Leicester, Lincoln, Nottingham, Stamford, and Derby). 913. Rollo is recognised by Charles the Simple as Duke of Normandy. He and his people become Christian. 918. The Northmen's host from Gaul tries to invade the west of England, but is driven off and goes to Ireland. (b) Athelstan, through the marriages of his sisters, is brother-in-law to Charles the Simple, King of the West Franks, Lewis, King of the Lower Burgundy, Hugh, the Great Duke of the French, and the Emperor Otto the Great. Ethelfleda, the Lady of the Mercians, sister of Edward, fortifies Chester. War with the Northmen renewed. Edward recaptures London. Edward fortifies Hertford and Witham. 907. 910. 912. 913. 914. 918. 919. 921. 922. 923. 924. 925. 926. 937. 940. 945. 946. 955. 956. 957. Ethelfleda fortifies Tamworth and Stafford. fortifies Warwick. defeats the Welsh. captures Derby. Leicester surrenders to Ethelfleda, and the men of York make a treaty with her. She dies at Tamworth. Mercia is annexed to Wessex. Edward captures Bedford. East Anglia and Essex submit to Edward. Edward captures Stamford. submits (a). The district south of the Humber The North Welsh seek Edward for lord. Edward advances into Northumbria and captures Manchester. The Scots, Northumbrians, and Strathclyde Welsh choose Edward Edward is succeeded by Athelstan. ATHELSTAN, 925-940 (15 YEARS). The Cornishmen, Scots, South Welsh, and Northumbrians swear faithfulness to Athelstan at Earnot. Anlaf, with Northmen from Ireland, joined by Constantine, King of Scots, and by the Strathclyde Welsh, is defeated at Brunanburh by Athelstan. Athelstan (b) is succeeded by his half-brother Edmund. EDMUND, 940-946 (6 YEARS) Edmund conquers Cumberland and gives it to Malcolm, king of Edmund is succeeded by his brother Edred. Rise of Dunstan. EDRED, 946-955 (9 YEARS). Edred is succeeded by Edwy (son of Edmund), whose younger brother Edgar is underking in Mercia. EDWY, 955-959 (4 YEARS). Dunstan is banished. All England north of Thames revolts and chooses Edgar to be king in his own right, who recalls Dunstan. 962. Otto the Great, King of Germany, is crowned Emperor at Rome. 975. The Danes, now separated from the other Northmen of Norway and Sweden, have to do homage to the Emperor Otto II. 984. Brian Boru becomes supreme king in Ireland. 1014. The Northmen are defeated at the battle of Clontarf, the turning-point of their conquests in Ireland, but the death of Brian Boru plunges the country into anarchy. 959. 960. 966. 973. 975. 979. 980. 988. 991. 994. 1000. 1002. 1003. 1007. 1008. 1011. 1012. 1013. 1014. 1015. 1016. EDGAR, 959-975 (16 YEARS). Edwy dies, and Edgar is chosen king of all the English. Edgar divides Northumbria, and grants Lothian to Kenneth, King The triumph of Edgar at Chester. [Edgar's Ordinance of the Hundred and other Laws, 959—975.] Edgar is succeeded by his son Edward. EDWARD, 975-979 (4 YEARS). [Struggle of the secular clergy and the feudal lords of the south of England against the monks and the yeomen of the north.] Edward is murdered. Ethelred, his half-brother, is chosen king at the age of ten. ETHELRED II., 979-1016 (37 YEARS). The invasions of the Northmen begin again, and continue for thirty-six years. Dunstan dies. Battle of Maldon. Northmen victorious, Danegeld paid (ten thousand pounds) by decree of the Witan, for the first time. Sweyn, King of the Danes, and Anlaf, King of the Norwegians, attack London, receive money (sixteen thousand pounds) and food, and pass the winter at Southampton. Anlaf returns to his own country. Ethelred ravages Cumberland. Ethelred marries as his second wife Emma, daughter of Richard Tribute (twenty-four thousand pounds) is paid to the Danes. Sweyn in revenge invades England again. Edric Streona is made alderman of Mercia. Tribute (thirty-six thousand pounds) is paid again. Money is collected to provide a fleet. Tribute (forty-eight thousand pounds) is paid again. Sweyn harries England. Ethelred flies to Normandy, and Sweyn Sweyn dies. The Danes choose Sweyn's son Canute, the English Canute attacks Wessex. Edric Streona goes over to him with Canute marches through Mercia to York. |