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1851. Lord John Russell pledges himself to bring in a Reform Bill next session.

1852. Feb. Lord John Russell introduces a Reform Bill, which is afterwards abandoned. [£20 rating franchise in counties, £5 rating in boroughs; small boroughs to be grouped together; taxpayers to the amount of 40s. per annum to have the franchise in both boroughs and counties.] Disfranchisement of St. Albans for bribery.

1854. March. A Reform Bill is introduced by Lord J. Russell, but withdrawn.

1857. Locke King's County Franchise Bill rejected by 192 to 179, and Property Qualification Abolition Bill by 204 to 145.

1858. Locke King's County Franchise Bill passes the second reading by 226 to 168, but is withdrawn. Abolition of the property qualification.

1859. Disraeli announces the proposals of the Government on the reform of the franchise. (Walpole and Henley had retired on account of these proposals.) March. Defeat of the ministry on the second reading of their Reform Bill by 39 votes.

1860. March. A Government Reform Bill is introduced by Lord J. Russell, but withdrawn later.

1861. The Government make no mention of reform in the royal speech.

Locke King's and Baines' motions for the reduction

of the county and borough franchise are respectively negatived by 248 to 229, and 245 to 193. The four seats vacant by disfranchisement of Sudbury and St. Albans assigned, two to the West Riding of Yorkshire, and one each to Birkenhead and South Lancashire.

1851. Locke King's County Franchise Bill and Baines' Borough Franchise Bill are thrown out by 254 to 227, and 272 to 216.

1835. Baines' Borough Franchise Bill rejected by 288 to

214.

1866. March. The Government Reform Bill introduced by Gladstone. After many evenings' debate it is carried by 5 votes only (the division being 283 Conservatives and 32 Liberals against 318 Liberals and 2 Conservatives, including tellers), the small majority being chiefly owing to the seceding Liberal "Adullamites," led by Lowe.

June. The Government is defeated by 11 (315 to 304) on Lord Dunkellin's amendment to the Reform Bill. The ministry resign.

1867. Feb. The new Government Reform Bill is brought forward by Disraeli.

March. Gladstone indicates various changes in the Government measure which would be necessary to make it a sound measure. Most of these were ultimately adopted.

July. The Reform Bill is read a third time without opposition.

Aug. The Reform Bill (England) passes the Lords. 1868. Reform Bills for Ireland and Scotland passed. July 31. End of the last Parliament elected under the Reform Bill of 1832.

1877. Junc.

Trevelyan's motion for extending county franchise is rejected by 274 to 218. The motion had been rejected in 1872 by 148 to 70; in 1873 it was talked out; in 1874 it was rejected by 287 to 173; in 1875 by 268 to 166; and in 1876 by 264 to 165. [In 1878 it was rejected by 271 to 219, in 1879 by 291 to 226.]

1884, 1885. Household Franchise extended to the counties, and a considerable redistribution of seats effected. (See Appendix III.)

NATIONAL EDUCATION.

[This summary is somewhat expanded from the outline given in the text.]

1805. Foundation of British and Foreign School Society. 1811. Foundation of National Society.

1833. First Parliamentary Grant in aid of Education (£20,000) on motion of Lord Althorpe.

1839. Formation of Committee of Council on Education.
Letter of Lord John Russell to Lord Lansdowne,
Lord President, containing principles of constitu-
tion of the new Committee.

1846. Publication of Minutes of Council laying foundation
of English public elementary school system :—
(1) Grants to be made to training colleges; (2)
building grants towards erection of new
schools; (3) annual grants for maintenance
of schools.

1862. Introduction of Revised Code, by Robert Lowe,
Vice-President.

1870. Elementary Education Act, introduced and passed by Forster.

1871. Introduction of New Code (Forster, Vice-President). 1876. Elementary Education Act introduced and passed by Lord Sandon.

1880. Elementary Education Act introduced and passed by Mundella.

1882. Introduction of New Code (Mundella, Vice-President).

1886. Royal Commission on Elementary Education Acts appointed.

APPENDIX I

LIST of some of the CHIEF OFFICIALS in CHURCH and STATE to the beginning of Anne's reign.

A. ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY FROM AUGUSTINE TO TILLOTSON. (From Stubbs' "Registrum Sacrum Anglicanum.”

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B.-LEADING MINISTERS OF STATE

[The leading Justiciars and Chancellors before the reign of

LORD CHANCELLORS AND

LORD KEEPERS.

Henry VIII., 1509. 1515. Wolsey.

1529. Sir T. More.

1532. (K.)Audley.
1533. (C.)

1544. Wriothesley.

SECRETARIES OF STATE.

....

Edward VI., 1547. 1547. (K.) St. John (created In Edward VI.'s reign Petre, Paget, Sir T. Earl of Wiltshire Smith, Wotton, Cecil, and Cheke.j

Mary, 1553.

1550).

1547. Rich.

1551. Goodrich, Bishop of

Ely.

1553. Gardiner, Bishop of [In Mary's reign Petre, Bourne, and Boxall.

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James I., 1603.

Charles I., 1625.

[Commonwealth 1649-1660.]

1603. (C.) Ellesmere (created 1616. Winwood and Sir Thomas Lake.

Viscount
1616).

1617. (K.)

1618. (C.))

Bacon.

Buckley 1618. Lake and Sir Robert Naunton.
1619. Naunton and Sir George Calvert.
1623. Calvert and Sir Edward (afterwards
Lord) Conway.

|1621. (K.) Williams, after- 1624. Conway and Sir Albert Morton.

wards Bishop of Lin-
coln.

1625. (K.) Coventry.

1640. (K.) Sir John Finch.
1641. (K.) Lyttelton.
1645. (K.) Lane.

1625. Conway and Sir John Coke.

1629. Coke and Lord Dorchester.

1632. Coke and Sir Francis Windebank.
1640. Windebank and Sir Henry Vane, senior.

1641. Vane and Sir Edward Nicholas.

1642. Nicholas and Lord Falkland.
1643. Nicholas and Lord Digby.

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