[Notes.]

FOREIGN.

c. 450. St. Patrick converts the Irish.

c. 500. The Scots invade Caledonia, and expel the Picts from the west.

529. Benedict founds his monastery at Monte Cassino.

590. Gregory the Great becomes Pope.

632. Mohammed (born 571) dies.

B.C.

55.

54.

30.

A.D.

43.

50.

61.

78-84.

81.

121.

211.

306.

401.

410.

Cæsar's first invasion of Britain.
Cæsar's second invasion of Britain.
Augustus becomes Emperor of Rome.

Claudius begins the conquest of Britain.

Defeat of Caractacus.

Conquest of the Druids of Mona by Suetonius Paullinus. Death of
Boadicea.

Rule of Agricola, and complete conquest of Britain.

Building of Agricola's line of forts between the Firths of Clyde and Forth.

Building of Hadrian's Walls between the mouth of the Tyne and the Solway Firth.

Death of the Emperor Severus at York.

Constantine is proclaimed Emperor in Britain.

The Roman legions are withdrawn from Britain.

Rome is sacked by the Goths. Honorius releases the Britons from their allegiance.

[400-655]

c. 400.

449.

477.

495.

520.

547.

577.

597. c. 600.

603.

607.

617.

627.

633.

634.

635.

642.

655.

ENGLISH.

The English begin to settle in Britain.
The kingdom of Kent is begun.

The kingdom of Sussex is begun by Elle and his son Cissa.
The kingdom of Wessex is begun by Cerdic and his son Cynric.
Arthur defeats the English at Badbury in Dorset (Mons Badonicus).
The kingdom of Northumbria is begun.

Battle of Dyrham. The West Saxons divide the West Welsh from

the North Welsh by taking Bath, Gloucester, and Cirencester.
Conversion of Ethelbert, King of Kent, by Augustine.
Ethelbert issues the first English laws that have come down to us.
Supremacy of Northumbria.
Defeat of the Scots by Ethelfrith, King of the Northumbrians, at
Dagsastan.

Battle of Chester.

The Northumbrians divide the North Welsh

from the Strathclyde Welsh.

Edwin, King of Northumbria, subdues all England except Kent.
Conversion of Edwin by Paullinus.

Battle of Hatfield. Edwin is defeated and killed by Penda, King
of Mercia. Flight of Paullinus.

Aidan, from Iona, reintroduces Christianity at Lindisfarne, under
King Oswald.

Birinus begins the conversion of Wessex.
Battle of Maserfield. Oswald is killed by Penda.
Battle of Winwidfield. Penda is killed by Oswy.

661. Wulfhere, King of Mercia, ravages

664.

668.

681.

685.

687.

688.

728. 731.

737.

752.

755.

757.

774. 777.

779.

786.

787.

796.

802.

825.

826.

827.

836.

837.

839.

847.

851.

Wessex.

Conference of Welsh and Roman priests at the Synod of Whitby.
The Roman ritual and time for keeping Easter are adopted.
Arrival of Theodore of Tarsus, Archbishop of Canterbury, who
organizes the National Church.

Wilfrid, driven from the bishopric of York, converts the
South Saxons.

Egfrith, King of Northumbria, is defeated and killed by the Picts.
End of the Supremacy of Northumbria.
Death of Cuthbert, Bishop of Lindisfarne.

Ine becomes King of the West Saxons, and publishes his laws.
Ine dies at Rome.

The Venerable Bede finishes his History; and dies, 735.
Ethelbald of Mercia ravages Northumbria.

Cuthred, King of the West Saxons, defeats Ethelbald at Burford.
Sigebert, King of Wessex, is deprived of his throne by the Witan.
Supremacy of Mercia.

Offa becomes King of Mercia.

Offa defeats the men of Kent at Otford.

Offa defeats Cynewulf of Wessex at Bensington.

Offa makes his dyke, from the Dee to the Wye, to protect Shrewsbury and his other conquests from the Welsh.

Egbert, heir to the throne of Wessex, driven into exile by Brithric,
takes refuge with Charles the Great.

Lichfield is made an archbishopric with the leave of Pope Hadrian.
First Invasion of the Northmen.
Death of Offa.

EGBERT, 802-839 (37 YEARS) (a).

Egbert becomes King of the West Saxons.
Egbert defeats the Mercians at Ellandun.

Supremacy of Wessex.
The men of Kent, Sussex, Essex, and East Anglia submit to
Egbert.

Egbert conquers the Mercians, and the Northumbrians submit to
him. [See Summary: Gradual Union of England into One
Kingdom, p. 259.]

Egbert defeats the Northmen and West Welsh at Hengest's
Down, on the Cornish side of the Tamar.

Egbert is succeeded by his sons, Ethelwulf in Wessex as over-
lord, Ethelstan as underking of Kent, Sussex, and Essex.
Egbert dies, and is succeeded by his son Ethelwulf.

ETHELWULF, 839-858 (19 YEARS).

Ealstan, Bishop of Sherborne, and Osric defeat the Northmen at the mouth of the Parret.

Ethelwulf defeats the Northmen at the battle of Ockley in Surrey.