1016.

1017.

1018.

1019. 1020.

1027.

1029. 1031.

1035.

1036.

EDMUND, 1016 (7 MONTHS).

The people of London choose Edmund, the rest choose Canute for king.

Edmund leaves London, which is besieged by the Danes.

Edmund collects an army.

Battle of Pen Selwood. Danes defeated.

Battle of Shirestone. Danes defeated.

(Edmund relieves London.)

Battle of Brentford. Danes defeated.

(Edric Streona joins Edmund.)

Battle of Assandun. Edmund defeated by the treachery of Edric
Streona.

Partition of England. Edmund has Wessex, Essex, and East
Anglia; Canute, Mercia and Northumbria.
Edmund, having reigned seven months, is murdered.

CANUTE, 1017-1035 (18 YEARS) (a).

Canute is chosen king. [See Summary: The Northmen in England, p. 259.]

Canute divides England into four parts, retains Wessex, sets Edric Streona over Mercia, Thurkill over East Anglia, and Eric over Northumbria.

Canute marries Emma, widow of Ethelred.

Edric Streona is put to death.

Leofric becomes Earl of the Mercians.

A Witan is held and Edgar's law renewed.
Canute goes to his kingdom of Denmark.
Godwin is made Earl of Wessex.

Canute makes a pilgrimage to Rome, and is present at the corona-
tion of the Emperor Conrad.

Canute returns to England.

Canute goes to Scotland, and Malcolm submits to him as his overlord.
[Malcolm had obtained possession of Lothian, which had been
apparently lost by the Scots since Edgar's reign, and he did
homage for it now as an English earldom.]

Canute dies.
[His dominions are divided between his three sons. Sweyn has
Norway; Hardi Canute has Denmark. England is divided;
north of the Thames it acknowledges Harold Harefoot, south
of the Thames Hardi Canute, who is represented by Earl
Godwin and his mother, Emma.]

HAROLD I., 1035-1040 (5 YEARS).

Edward and Alfred, sons of Ethelred and Emma, come over from
Normandy to Wessex. Alfred is blinded, and dies. Edward

returns.

1037. Harold Harefoot is chosen king of all England, and Emma is

1040.

1041. 1042.

1044.

1045.

1051.

1052.

1053.

1054.

1055.

1057.

driven out.

Harold Harefoot dies.

HARDI CANUTE, 1040-1042 (2 YEARS).

Hardi Canute sends to Normandy for his half-brother Edward.
Hardi Canute dies.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR, 1042-1066
(24 YEARS).

Edward the Confessor is chosen king.

Robert of Jumièges (the first Norman bishop in England) is appointed Bishop of London. Other foreigners obtain influence in the kingdom.

Edward marries Edgith, daughter of Godwin.

Robert of Jumièges is made Archbishop of Canterbury,
Eustace of Boulogne, on a visit to Edward, quarrels with the
men of Dover. Godwin refuses to punish them.
The king

calls on Siward of Northumbria and Leofric of Mercia for
aid. Godwin leaves the kingdom.

William of Normandy (a) visits Edward.

Godwin and his family return, and the foreigners are outlawed
and take to flight. Stigand is made Archbishop of Canter-
bury.

Godwin dies. Harold his son becomes Earl of Wessex.
Earl Siward, in the interest of Malcolm, defeats Macbeth.
Earl Siward dies, and Tostig, son of Godwin, becomes Earl of
Northumbria.

Expedition of Harold against the Welsh.
Edward, the son of King Edmund, returns to England. Leofric,
Earl of Mercia, dies, and is succeeded by Alfgar, his son.
Harold again invades Wales with Tostig. Griffith the king is soon
afterwards slain by his own men.

1063.

1065.

1066.

Jan. 5.

Tostig is expelled by the Northumbrians, and Morcar, son of
Alfgar and grandson of Leofric, made earl.

Death of Edward the Confessor.

HAROLD II., 1066 (10 MONTHS).

Harold is crowned king at Westminster.

William of Normandy sends to claim the crown, and is refused.

Harold collects an army, and fortifies the southern coast.

Sept. 20. Tostig and Harold Hardrada, King of Norway, land in
Yorkshire, and defeat Morcar and his brother Edwin, Earl of
Mercia, at Fulford.

Sept. 25. Tostig and Harold Hardrada are defeated and killed by
Harold at Stamford Bridge.