and south by Lake Erie. In Charlotteville, 31,064 acres are taken up, 9,546 of which are under cultivation. This township contains a considerable quantity of pine. The villages of Vittoria and Normandale are situated in Charlotteville. There are three grist and seven saw mills, and two distilleries in the township. Population in 1841, 1969; who are principally Canadians and Americans. Ratable property in the township, £36,777.

CHATHAM.

The County Town of the County of Kent; pleasantly and advantageously situated on the River Thames, at the junction of the townships of Chatham, Raleigh, Harwich, and Dover East; and at the entrance of McGregor's Creek into that river: the portion of it situated on the north shore of the river being called Chatham North. This town was originally laid out by Governor Simcoe, who, while examining the valley of the Thames, on arriving at the spot on which Chatham now stands, was so much struck with its great natural advantages, that he immediately reserved 600 acres for a town plot. The town, however, may be said to have commenced only about fifteen years ago; since which time it has progressed rapidly, and now contains about 1500 inhabitants; and property has greatly increased in value, so much so, that a small town lot, which at the first settlement could have been worth but a mere trifle, was sold a short time since to a merchant at the enormous advance of 750 dollars.

This place was a garrison town during the rebellion, and contains barracks, but they are at present unoccupied.

The new road from London to Amherstburgh passes through the town. Four-horsed stages, going eastward and westward, leave Chatham every day.

The steamboat "Brothers," Captain Eberts, is owned here, and, during the season, leaves Chatham for Detroit and Amherstburgh every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, returning on the alternate days. The "London," Captain Van Allen (the fastest boat on the upper lakes) meets the "Brothers" at Detroit, and continues the route to Buffalo, touching at the intermediate ports on the Canadian side. The "London" is a beautiful boat; and, during the winter of 1844-5, the "Brothers" was overhauled, enlarged and refitted.

Chatham contains four churches and chapels; viz., Episcopal, Presbyterian, Secession, and Methodist: also, a Theatre, which is well attended, the performers being amateurs; and a cricket club.

A newspaper, the "Chatham Gleaner," is published here every Tuesday. Town lots of a quarter of an acre, and park lots varying from three to ten acres, are still to be purchased, the price varying according to situation. The table of exports for the past year will give some idea of the trade of the town, as well as of the prosperity and industry of the surrounding neighbourhood.

List of Professions and Trades.-Five physicians and surgeons, one lawyer, one dentist, one steam grist mill, one water do., two saw mills, two breweries, three distilleries, one tannery, ten stores, four groceries, one pottery, one maltster, six tailors, two saddlers, three shoemakers, ten taverns, one printing office, one watchmaker, one gunsmith, eight blacksmiths, three cabinet makers, one hatter, one tinsmith, two carriage makers, one foundry, two bakers, one tallow chandler, two asheries, one livery stable, one bookseller and stationer, two bank agencies (Gore and Upper Canada), one land agency, three schools.

Principal tavern and stage house, the "Royal Exchange," at which is a reading and news room.

Land agent, Abraham Steers.

Stage fare from Chatham to London, $34; to Detroit, $23. Steamboat fare from Chatham to Detroit, $2; to Amherstburg, $23.

Chatham is sixty-six miles from London, and fifty miles from Detroit.

List of Exports from the Port of Chatham for the year 1844, with their estimated value when shipped.

A Township in the County of Kent; is bounded on the north by Sombra and Dawn; on the south-west by the township of Dover; on the south-east by the River Thames; and on the north-east by Camden. Bear Creek runs through the north-east corner of the township. Chatham contains 17,119 acres, of which 3749 are under cultivation. The Canada Company possess 3400 acres in the township, Soil-fertile. Timber-maple, black walnut, elm, oak, beech, &c. Chatham is getting well settled. About a mile back from the river is a considerable Scotch settlement.

Population, 799.

Ratable property in the township, £11,996.

CHINGUACOUSY.

A Township in the Home District; is bounded on the north-east by the township of Caledon and the Gore of Toronto; on the north-west by Caledon ; on the south-west by Esquesing; and on the south-east by Toronto township. In Chinguacousy 74,977 acres are taken up, 26,266 of which are under cultivation. This is one of the best settled townships in the Home District, containing excellent land, and many good farms. The timber is principally hardwood, with a small portion of pine intermixed: the land mostly rolling. The River Credit runs through the south and west of the township, and the Etobicoke River through the east and centre. Excellent wheat is grown in this and the adjoining townships. There are one grist and seven saw mills in Chinguacousy. Population in 1842, 3965.

Ratable property in the township, £59,952.

CHIPICAN LAKE.

A small Lake in the township of Sarnia, about six acres in extent; two miles north of Port Sarnia. It is separated from Lake Huron by a ridge of high land.

CHIPPEWA.

A large Village, situated partly in the township of Willoughby, and partly in Stamford; the two portions being divided by the Chippewa, or Welland River. That portion of the village situated in Stamford was laid out in 1816, and the portion in Willoughby about ten years since. Chippewa derives its

greatest importance from its advantageous situation for ship building for the upper lakes; the mouth of the Welland River being a short distance above the Rapids of the Niagara River. The Niagara Harbour and Dock Company have a Shipyard here; many vessels have been built here, and a fine steamboat of 800 tons is now on the stocks, intended to be ready for service during the present season. During the season, a steamboat runs from Chippewa to Buffalo; and the Canadian line of Stages from Buffalo to Detroit passes through the village. Churches and chapels, 3; viz., Episcopal, Presbyterian and Methodist. There are also barracks, with a company of Rifles.

Population, about 1000.

Post Office, post daily.

Professions and Trades.-Shipyard, one steam grist mill, one steam saw mill, two physicians and surgeons, three distilleries, two tanneries, iron and brass foundry, tin and sheet iron foundry, seven stores, six taverns, one druggist, six groceries, two waggon makers, four blacksmiths, one hatter, two saddlers, four tailors, two bakers, five shoemakers, two cabinet makers, one gunsmith. One Bank agency, "Upper Canada."

Principal Taverns.-" Steamboat Hotel," and "National."

CHURCHVILLE.

A Village in the township of Toronto; four and a half miles from Streetsville, and eleven and a half from Dundas Street; situated on the River Credit. Contains about 150 Inhabitants, and a Methodist chapel.

Post Office, post twice a-week.

List of Professions and Trades.-One grist and two saw mills, one tannery, one distillery, one tavern, two stores, two waggon makers, two blacksmiths, one tailor, one cabinet-maker, one shoemaker.

CLAREMONT.

A village in the township of Burford; situated on the plank road, about nine miles from Brantford. It contains about 150 inhabitants, and a church free to all denominations.

Post Office, post every day.

Professions and Trades.-One physician and surgeon, two stores, one tavern, one cabinet maker, one waggon maker, two blacksmiths, one tailor, one shoemaker.

CLARENCE.

A Township in the Ottawa District is bounded on the north-east by the township of Plantagenet, on the north by the Ottawa River, on the south-west by Cumberland, and on the south-east by Cambridge. In Clarence 4,682 acres are taken up, 734 of which are under cultivation. A branch of the "Petite Nation" River runs through the south of the township. Clarence is but little settled, and there are 21,631 acres of Crown lands for sale in the township, at 88. c'y per acre.

Population 200.

Ratable property in the township, £2,524.

CLARKSVILLE.

A Village in the township of Camden, situated on the Napanee River, two miles above Newburgh. It contains about 200 inhabitants, who have an Episcopal Church, grist and saw mill, carding machine and cloth factory, one store,

one tavern.

CLARKE, VILLAGE OF.-(See NEWTON.)

CLARKE.

A township in the Newcastle District: is bounded on the east by the township of Hope; on the north by Manvers; on the west by Darlington; and on the

C

south by Lake Ontario. In Clarke 49,449 acres are taken up, 19,000 of which are under cultivation. The villages of Newcastle and Newton are situated in the south of the township, on the Eastern Road; the village of Bond Head on the lake shore; and a small settlement called "Orono," about five miles north of Newcastle. This is an old settled township, containing good farms, many of which are rented out, the average rent being $2. per acre. The land near the coast is rather poor and stony, but it improves as you go back; it is rather hilly in parts. Excellent wheat is grown in this and the adjoining townships. There are two grist and thirteen saw mills in the township. Four hundred acres of Crown lands are open for sale in Clarke, at 8s. c'y per acre.

Population in 1842, 2,832.

Ratable property in the township, £47,970.

CLINTON.

A township in the Niagara District: is bounded on the east by the township of Louth; on the north by Lake Ontario; on the West by Grimsby; and on the south by Gainsborough. In Clinton 23,378 acres are taken up, 10,605 of which are under cultivation. This is an old settled township, containing many good farms. There are one grist and six saw mills in the township.

Population in 1841, 2,122.

Ratable property in the township, £37,352.

COBOURG.

The District Town of the Newcastle District, in the township of Hamilton; is pleasantly situated on a gently rising ground, on the bank of Lake Ontario, 103 miles from Kingston, and 72 miles from Toronto. The town is incorporated, and the corporation limits extend for nearly two miles from the centre of the town. Cobourg is situated on a gravelly soil, and it is consequently dry, clean and healthy. The town is well laid out, possesses good streets, and many excellent buildings, and has a very flourishing appearance. A harbour has been constructed at an expense of £10,381. 6s. 3d., and a light-house erected at the end of the pier. Excellent planked side-walks extend in every direction for a distance of from one to two miles.

During the season, steamboats call daily on their passages to and from Kingston, Toronto, and Rochester (United States); and a stage leaves daily for Rice Lake, where it is met by the steamboat Forester, which conveys passengers to Peterborough; and the Toronto and Kingston stages pass through the town every day. During the winter, a stage leaves daily for Peterborough. A fair is held here on the second Tuesdays in April and October. The merchants have established amongst themselves a "Board of Trade," for the purpose of regulating the commercial affairs of the place; they have a newsroom, where several papers are taken. There is also a Mechanics' Institute. Three newspapers are published here, viz., the “Church," "Cobourg Star," and "Canada Christian Advocate." Churches and Chapels six, viz., Episcopal, Presbyterian, Catholic, Congregational, Methodist, and Christian. In the Episcopal church is a very good organ. The Jail and Court House is a handsome stone building, situated about a mile and a-half from the town, on the Toronto road.

Victoria College was founded by the Wesleyan Conference; the institution was chartered in 1835, as an Academy, and by Act of Parliament, in 1842, was constituted a College, with power to confer degrees in the several arts and sciences (the only degree yet conferred has been one in literature); it is supported partly by a legislative grant of £500 per annum, and partly by tuition fees. The building is handsome, and well situated, and cost nearly £10,000; it contains Library, Reading Room, Chapel, Laboratory, Lecture Rooms, &c. &c. Although the institution was founded by the Methodists, there is nothing sectarian in its character. The following periodicals are received at the Reading