able to pay for; and, above all things, he should avoid purchasing land on long credits. Many persons again, with small capital, who know nothing whatever of farming or clearing land, immediately on their arrival, purchase a lot of wild land, looking merely at the cheap rate at which it is to be bought, without any consideration of what it is likely to cost them before the stumps are out. These generally find in the end that it would have been much better for them had they purchased land partially cleared. But it is exceedingly difficult to convince a newly arrived emigrant of this fact.

"A man convinced against his will,

Is of the same opinion still."

And so it proves. Many of them are not willing to profit by the experience of other people, but require to pay dearly for the lesson. A few acres well cultivated are more profitable, even in Canada, than a larger quantity half or badly cultivated.

The fourth and last, although not the least important part of our subject, relates to those persons who come out with a certain amount of capital which they wish to invest profitably in business. These immediately commence speculating in something which they do not understand-perhaps purchase some concern which the owner has found to be unprofitable, and is therefore glad to part with; and in a short time they are obliged in their turn to sell out, after having incurred a heavy loss. Emigrants may rest assured that those who have been in the country a few years, know much better what speculations will answer, than those who have been out only a few weeks, or at most months; and are not likely to part with any really profitable concern without receiving its full value for it; and a business that may afford a very good return to one accustomed to the mode of doing business in the province, may turn out to be a very losing concern in the hands of a stranger. In general, emigrants with capital who, have growing up sons, will find it far better to invest their capital in good securities, and live upon the interest, while they place their sons in some good houses of business; and in the course of a few years, when these sons have acquired a knowledge of the commercial affairs of the province, they will be enabled to realize handsome profits on the capital, which, if their fathers had speculated with, they would most assuredly, have lost.

With respect to those portions of the province in which it is desirable for the emigrant to purchase land, much will depend upon various circumstances; as, if he is either English, Irish, or Scotch, he will most likely prefer settling among his own countrymen. Something also will depend upon the amount of capital he has to invest. There is one point however, of great importance, that I should wish strongly to impress upon the newly-arrived emigrant in particular, (because no other is likely to fall into the mistake), and that is, let him on no account whatever, no matter what the price, or the apparent advantages held out to him may be, be induced to purchase land at a distance from good roads and a good market; as nothing tends so much to keep back the settler, and frequently to dishearten him, and prevent his getting on as fast as he otherwise would do, as that feeling of loneliness that frequently oppresses him, when he finds himself alone in the woods, and no neighbours within convenient reach. He is apt in such a case to be away from home more than is profitable, either for himself or his farm. And there is no occasion for this, as in no district of the province need a man buy land at a greater distance than a mile from a cleared farm. By making proper inquiries the emigrant is always sure to hear of some one willing to sell within easy distance of a good market; and he may take this as a general rule, that one hundred acres within seven miles of a place where he can sell his produce at a fair price, and obtain cash for it, is worth more than four times the quantity, at twice or three times the distance; and at the end of ten or twelve years, he will generally find that the 100 acres has increased in value more than the 400. People in general have a great penchant for purchasing land either on a road or a river; and the difference in price on that account, is consequently very great; although f.equently the land in the back lots will be of better quality than that in front.

To such an extreme is this carried, that land facing on a road will frequently be valued at twelve or fifteen dollars per acre, while that in the next concession (little more than a mile) back, may be purchased at from 1 to 3 dollars. Land in Canada is valued, not according to its quality, but entirely according to its locality and other circumstances. Thus, if a few wealthy settlers fix themselves in any particular locality, and make considerable improvements, the neighbourhood becomes aristocratic, and land in the vicinity rises in value accordingly. Thus, farms in the neighbourhood of Woodstock have been sold at from $30 to $50 per acre; while farms equal in quality of soil, and superior as regards facility of getting to markets, may be purchased in the London and Western Districts for less than half the sum.

If

All lands in the possession of the Crown, with very few exceptions, are sold at 8s. currency per acre, which may be paid for either in cash or scrip. This scrip is usually to he purchased (and the emigrant, if a stranger, may ascertain where it is to be met with by inquiring of some respectable merchant or storekeeper) at a discount of twenty, twenty-five and sometimes thirty per cent. he gets it at a reduction of twenty-five per cent., his land (supposing he purchases Crown lands) will only cost him 6s. c'y per acre, which is 3d. per acre less than the government price of land in the United States. The reader should particularly notice this fact, as great stress is laid by writers on the United States, upon the low price at which land is to be bought of the government there, while the Crown lands in Canada are really to be bought at a less price; and there are about 2,300,000 acres in Upper Canada alone, already surveyed to be disposed of at this price, exclusive of the clergy reserves. An agent appointed for the sale of these lands in each district, whose name will be found under the head of the district, and the quantity of land for sale in each township will be found under the head of the township.

For the guidance of emigrants, it may be as well to state the average value of land in each of the districts which they will be most likely to settle in-premising that these are the prices at which the land is to be purchased of private individuals, and that frequently a farm may be obtained at a considerably lower rate. In the Victoria District land near the front may generally be purchased at from four to ten dollars per acre for wild land, and for cultivated farms (including buildings) from twenty to thirty-five dollars per acre; and in the back townships at from one to four dollars for wild land, and from eight to twenty for cultivated. In the Newcastle District, in the first range of townships, wild land will be worth from five to ten dollars, and cultivated from twenty to thirty; and in the back townships, from two to five dollars for wild land, and from twelve to twenty-five for cultivated-some few farms in the neighbourhood of Port Hope and Cobourg, may be valued as high as forty or fifty dollars. In the Colborne District wild land in the neighbourhood of Peterborough will be worth from five to fifteen dollars, and cultivated from ten to thirty, according to situation and distance from the town; and wild land at a distance may be obtained at from one to three dollars. In the townships of Whitby, Pickering, Scarborough, Markham, Whitchurch, York, Vaughan. the front of King, Toronto and Chinguacousy, cleared farms will range from twenty to fifty dollars per acre, according to situation, &c., and wild land at from ten to twelve-with the exception of the townships of York, Toronto and Scarborough, where the wild land is valuable for the wood, on account of their vicinity to the City of Toronto. the northern townships of the district wild land may be bought at from one to four dollars, and cleared at from ten to fifteen dollars; and the same prices will apply to the Simcoe District. In the Gore District, with the exception of the north of the townships of Nassagaweya and Esquesing, land will be generally rather high; wild land will range from six to fifteen dollars, and cleared farms from twenty-five to fifty dollars. In the Wellington District cleared farms in the townships of Guelph, Waterloo and Puslinch, will be worth from fifteen to forty dollars, and wild land from five to fifteen; and in the northern townships they will vary, according to their remoteness, from one to four dollars for wild, and from ten to twenty-five for cultivated. In the Niagara District wild land

In

.

will vary from three to ten, and cultivated farms from ten to forty dollars per acre. In the Talbot District from two to six dollars for wild, and from eight to twenty-five for cleared land. In the Brock District, from four to eight dollars for wild land, and from twenty to fifty for cultivated. In the Huron District prices vary according to locality, with the exception of the two government townships (Ashfield and Wawanosh), where all the land (wild) is rated at 8s. currency. In the London District, in the neighbourhood of London, Delaware and Westminster, and along the road to Port Stanley, wild land will be worth from five to eight dollars, and cultivated from twenty to forty; in the more remote townships the price will be about half. Along the road from London to Chatham, and on the banks of the Thames, wild land may be purchased at from two to six dollars, and cleared farms at from ten to fifteen; and at one or two concessions back they are to be bought for half. In the back townships between the Thames and Lake Erie, and also in those on Bear Creek, land of fine quality may be purchased at from one to three dollars per acre. On the River St. Clair there is but little wild land, at least, close to the river, and that is worth ten dollars per acre, the wood being in demand for the steamboats. In the townships of Plympton and Warwick, wild land of the best quality is to be bought at from two to three dollars per acre.

By cleared farms is generally understood those which have from seventy to eighty acres cleared out of a hundred, and it is for such farms that these prices are calculated; and of course the price will always vary according to the quantity of land cleared and under cultivation and the value of the buildings. At the same time it must be borne in mind, that in every district there may be some farms in particular situations that would be held considerably higher.

All emigrants in want of information or employment on their arrival at Kingston, are directed to apply at the office of Mr. A. B. Hawke, chief emigrant agent for Canada West. The government agents whose names are hereunto annexed will also direct emigrants in want of work to places where they may find it; as well as furnish information as to the routes, distances, and rates of conveyance to those parts of the province to which settlers may be desirous of proceeding. Emigrant Agents.-G R. Burke, Bytown; W. J. McKay, Cobourg and Port Hope; E. McElderry, Toronto; J. H. Palmer, Hamilton; A. B. Hawke, junior, Port Stanley.

All indigent emigrants requiring medical assistance may obtain it gratis, on application to Dr. E. V. Cortlandt, Bytown; Dr. T. W. Robison, Kingston; General Hospital, Toronto; or Dr. W. G. Dickinson, Hamilton.

In order to guard against all misapprehension as to the assistance which the emigrant agents are authorised to grant, emigrants are distinctly informed, that the claims of the destitute who land in Canada during the current season only will be admitted, and that no able-bodied person, unless burthened with a helpless family, will be entitled to assistance in any form.

The following is a statement of the number of emigrants who arrived at Quebec, from the year 1840 to 1845, both inclusive: