CANADIAN GAZETTEER.

ADDINGTON.

A County in the Midland District: comprises the townships of Amherst Island, Camden, Ernestown, Kaladar, Sheffield, and Anglesea. For the purposes of representation in the House of Assembly, it is united to the county of Lennox.

ADELAIDE.

A Township in the London District: is bounded on the east by the township of Lobo; on the south-east by Carradoc and Ekfrid; on the north by Williams; and on the west by Warwick and Brooke. In Adelaide 32,272 acres are taken

up, 4,025 of which are under cultivation. The east branch of Bear Creek runs along the east and south-east border of the township, and the River Aux Sables touches its northern boundary. Adelaide contains excellent land, and some good farms. The villages of Adelaide and Katesville are situated in the township, and there are one grist and two saw-mills in the township. Four hundred and fifty acres of crown lands are open for sale in Adelaide, at 8s. c'y per acre. Population in 1842, 1234.

Ratable property in the township, £15,283.

ADJALA.

A Township in the Simcoe District: is bounded on the north by the township of Tossorontio; on the west by Mono; on the south by Albion; and on the east by Tecumseth. In Adjala 20,793 acres are taken up, 2929 of which are under cultivation. There is a swamp extending across the township, south of its centre, on both the north and south of which there is some excellent land, level, with good hard timber. There are some good farms in the township. This, and Tossorontio which joins it, are long, narrow townships. On the town line, between Adjala and Mono, the land is hilly and sandy. There are lime-stone quarries on the line. There are 4,000 acres of crown lands for disposal in Adjala, at 8s. c'y per acre, to purchase which application must be made to the Crown Lands Agent at Barrie. There are two saw mills in the township. Population in 1842 (since when no census has been taken), 890. Ratable property in the township, £8,948.

ADMASTON.

A Township in the Bathurst District: is bounded on the north-east by the township of Horton, on the north-west by Bromley; on the west by unsurveyed lands; and on the south-east by Bagot and Blithefield. In Admaston 11,206 acres are taken up, 679 of which are under cultivation. This township, which was originally called Kenmare, is but little settled. The River Bonne Chaur runs across the centre of the township, and there are several large lakes scattered over it. Seventy-four thousand six hundred acres of Crown lands are open for sale in Admaston, at 8s. c'y per acre. There is one saw-mill in the township. Population not yet returned.

Ratable property in the township, £3,534.

ADOLPHUSTOWN.

A Township in the Midland District; is bounded on the north-east by the township of Fredericksburgh; and on the west and south-west by the Bay of Quintè. In Adolphustown 11,343 acres are taken up, 6,662 of which are under cultivation. A portion of the Bay of Quintè divides the township into two. There is a small settlement in the south of the township, on the bay, where is a court-house, for holding township meetings, and an Episcopal church. In the centre of the township are a Quaker meeting-house, and a Methodist chapel. There are some good farms in the township, and four saw-mills.

Population, 671.

Ratable property in the township, £16,102.

ADOLPHUSTOWN.

A small Village in the township of Adolphustown, situated on the Bay of Quintè; contains about 100 inhabitants.

ALDBOROUGH.

A Township in the London District: is bounded on the north-east by the township of Dunwich; on the north-west by the River Thames; on the southwest by Orford; and on the south-east by Lake Erie. In Aldborough 15,593 acres are taken up, 3,519 of which are under cultivation. The south of the township contains some good land, but the north is very hilly and broken. There are many wet patches in it, and much of the timber is swamp elm. Most of the settlers are poor: they are principally Highland Scotch. A road called "Furnival's Road," is cut out through the township, from Lake Erie to the River Thames, which it reaches about half a mile below Wardsville. There are four saw-mills in the township.

Population in 1842, 737.

Ratable property in the township, £9,853.

ALBION.

A Township in the Home District: is bounded on the east by the townships of King and Vaughan; on the north by Adjala and Tecumseth; on the south-west by Caledon and Chinguacousy; and on the south-east by the Gore of Toronto. In Albion 41,829 acres are taken up, 10,000 of which are under cultivation. The north and north-east of the township are hilly and broken, with a great deal of pine land; in the south of the township the land is better, and there are some good farms. There are four grist and two saw mills, and two distilleries in the township.

Population of Albion in 1842, 2,154.

Ratable property in the township, £26,279.

A Township in the Ottawa District: is bounded on the townships of Longueil and Caledonia; on the north by the south-west by Plantagenet. In Alfred 6,320 acres are to are under cultivation. This is a triangular-shaped tow settled. There is one saw-mill in the township. Te and sixty-five acres of crown lands are open for s

acre.

Population, 220.

Ratable property in the township, £3,069.

A Township in the Newcastle District; is of Percy; on the north-west by Rice Lak

This is a triangular-shaped township, which as yet contains only an Indian settlement, called Aldersville.

Near Rice Lake, and about fifteen miles north-east from Cobourg, is a settlement of Missisaga Indians, who, previous to the year 1826, were Pagans, wandering in the neighbourhood of Belleville, Kingston and Guananoque; and were known under the name of the Mississagas of the Bay of Quintè. In 1826 & 27, between two and three hundred were settled on Grape Island, in the Bay of Quintè, six miles from Belleville, where they commenced planting, and where schools were established by a Wesleyan Methodist Missionary for their instruction. On this island they resided eleven years, subsisting by agriculture and hunting. Their houses were erected partly by their own labour, and partly at the expense of the Methodist Missionary Society; the number, at length, amounted to twenty-three; besides which, they had a commodious building for religious service and schools, another room for an infant school, a hospital, a smithy, a shoemaker's shop, and a building for joiners' and cabinet work. These however were relinquished, to be sold for their benefit in 1830, when they removed to their present location, which was granted to them by Sir John Colborne. It contains 2,000 acres, which is divided into lots of twenty-five acres each. The village, or street, which is called Aldersville, is about a mile and a half in length; it contains thirty-six houses, six barns, a saw-mill, and a large school-house, in which divine worship is performed; all erected under the direction of the Indian Department, out of the annuity of £642. 10s. to which this band is entitled for the surrender of a vast tract in the rear of the Johnstown and Midland Districts. Of the thirty-six dwelling houses, twenty-two are framed, and the remainder are of square logs, all of commodious size: the barns are framed, of forty by thirty feet in dimensions. These Indians are 233 in number; each family has at least half its lots of 25 acres cleared; and several have nearly the whole under cultivation. The total quantity cleared is between 360 and 400 acres. Their stock consists of eight yoke of Oxen, two horses, eleven cows, twenty-one heifers and calves, and a number of pigs and poultry. They possess eight ploughs, six harrows, three carts and waggons, and twelve ox-sleighs.

When on Grape Island, a cabinet maker, blacksmith, shoe maker, and occasionally a tailor, were employed by the Methodist society, to instruct these Indians in their several trades. Although it was found difficult to keep the scholars at their work, and considerable losses were sustained in the undertaking, yet the Indians shewed unusual ingenuity, and gained considerable knowledge in those branches, which has been of much use to them since their settlement at Alnwick, where no shops have yet been erected.

For four years past, a school, on the manual labour plan, has been in opera tion. This system combines elementary instruction with domestic economy. The girls are taught reading, writing, arithmetic, and geography, together with house-keeping, spinning, knitting, needle-work, and the management of a dairy: in the latter department are seven cows. The boys are taught in the same branches as the girls, and in English grammar, and in the business of farming. For this purpose, a model farm of fifty acres in extent is provided. The scholars, twelve in number, are boarded and lodged in the mission family, and clothed at the expense of the Missionary Society. They are all clad in cloth spun by the Indian girls. During four years past, thirty-one girls and fourteen boys have received instruction in this school.

Two hundred and fifty acres of Crown lands are open for sale in the township, at 8s. c'y per acre.

ALBERT PORT.

A Village in the township of Ashfield, situated on the Ashfield River at its entrance into Lake Huron, uine miles above Goderich. Albert has one tavern. Population about 40.

The government agent for disposing of Crown lands, Mr. J. Hawkins, resides

here.

ALLENBURG.

A Village in the township of Thorold, situated on the Welland Canal, 8 miles from St. Catherine's. It possesses a town-hall for public meetings.

Population about 500.

Professions and Trades.-One grist mill, one saw ditto, carding machine and cloth factory, candle factory, pipe factory, four stores, two taverns, one waggon maker, one cabinet maker, one blacksmith and one baker.

AMARANTH.

A Township in the Wellington District: is bounded on the east by the township of Mono; on the north by Melancthon; on the west by Luther; and on the south by Garrafraxa. In Amaranth 2,710 acres are taken up, 351 of which are under cultivation. This township is as yet but little settled. Fifteen thousand and fifty acres of crown lands are open for sale in it, at 8s. c'y per acre. Population in 1841, 105.

Ratable property in the township, £1,295.

AMELIASBURGH.

:

A Township in the Prince Edward District is bounded on the north and east by the Bay of Quintè; on the west by Weller's Bay (with the exception of the north-west corner, where it joins the township of Murray, and a small portion of the south-east corner, which is bounded by Sophiasburgh); and on the south by Lake Consecon, Consecon Creek, and the township of Hillier. Ameliasburgh contains 40,466 acres, 15,217 of which are under cultivation. Two portions of the bay, which are bordered by marsh, extend for some distance into this township. A creek, also bordered by marsh, runs across the township, north of the centre, from west to east, and a small lake, called Roblin's Lake, is situated about the centre of the township. There is a ferry established across the bay from this township to Belleville. Population in 1841, 2,115, many of whom are of Dutch extraction. There are two grist and three saw-mills in the township. Ratable property in the township, £40,400.

AMHERST ISLAND.

An Island in Lake Ontario, situated opposite the township of Ernestown, so called from the Earl of Amherst; the name originally given it by the French, being "Isle of Tanti." It was originally granted by the Crown to Sir John Johnston, for military services. The upper portion of it has been settled about 70 years, and the remainder about 25 years. The principal part of the island is now owned by the Earl of Mountcashel. The land is generally of very good quality, and the tenants are in comfortable circumstances. The steamboats touch here on their passages to and from Trent and Kingston. Amherst island forms a township of the Midland District; 13,387 acres of land are taken up in the island, 5030 of which are under cultivation. There is a Post Office on the island, and an Episcopal Church. There are also on the island, one physician and surgeon, one store, two taverns, three ship-builders, five tailors, seven shoemakers, five carpenters, twelve weavers, two blacksmiths.

Population, 1104.

Ratable property, £11,185.

AMHERSTBURG.

A garrison Town, in the township of Malden, in the county of Essex: sixteen miles from Sandwich, on the Detroit River. It was commenced in the year 1798, soon after the evacuation of Detroit. The situation is good, but most of the streets are rather narrow. The banks of the river, both above and below the town, but particularly the latter, where the river emerges into Lake

Erie, are very beautiful; the sweet-briar bushes, with which the banks are studded, are here remarkably fine. Several handsome houses are built on the banks below the town. About a mile below the town, near the entrance of Lake Erie, is a chalybeate spring, which is said to resemble the waters of Cheltenham, in England. A fort called Malden, capable of accommodating a regiment, is situated about half a mile above the town, on the river; it was rebuilt in 1839, and is at present occupied by three companies of rifles. Sir Chas. Metcalfe in the year 1845 granted a charter to the town of Amherstburg to hold a fair twice a year.

A plot of land containing about 100 acres, (being the military reserve,), outside the town, is perfectly cleared of timber, and forms a fine large common, which is very convenient for the inhabitants of the neighbourhood, for grazing. The steamboats; London, from Buffalo to Detroit; Gore, from Windsor to Goderich and Penetanguishine; and Brothers, from Chatham; touch here regularly. The latter leaves Amherstburg every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday mornings, at half past seven o'clock, for Detroit and Chatham. Fare to Detroit $, to Chatham $24. And many of the American steamers stop here to take in wood. Amherstburg contains 985 inhabitants; of this number 174 are people of colour. There are five churches and chapels, viz. Episcopal, Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist, and Baptist; the latter for coloured people; and a news and reading room; a market place, and court house have recently been erected. Post office, post every day.

List of Professions and Trades. Two physicans and surgeons, one lawyer, two breweries, two auctioneers, two asheries, one steam grist and saw mill, one carding machine and woollen manufactory, one soap and candle manufactory, two tanneries, three schools, fourteen stores, six blacksmiths, three bakers, three saddlers, five waggon makers, eight shoemakers, four tailors, one tinsmith, one watchmaker, two painters, ten taverns, one tobacconist, one notary public, two butchers, inspector of flour and pork; four large schooners are owned here. Principal tavern, the "British North American.

A Village in the township of Ancaster, situated on the plank road, about six and a half miles west from Hamilton. It was formerly a place of considerable business, but the rapid growth of Hamilton has thrown it into the shade; it is, however, beginning partially to recover itself through the enterprise of some of its inhabitants. Part of the village was destroyed by fire during 1845. It is intended to erect a cloth factory during the present year.

Population, about 150, who have an Episcopal Church and a Presbyterian do. There are also a grist and saw mill, one physician and surgeon, one lawyer,