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INTRODUCTION AND USE OF ARTIFICIAL VELA.

Proper Position in the Pharynx.-Manner of Attachment.-Experience in
wearing. Durability of Rubber Vela.-Best Age for their Introduction.
-Benefits from their Use.-Best Practice for improving the Speech.

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Fractures of the Upper Jaw, and Treatment.-Fractures of the Lower Jaw.—
Location.-Direction.-Compound.-Comminuted.-Displacement.-Ne-

crosis.—Irregular Union.-Fibrous Union.-Non-Union.-False Joint.-
Diagnosis. Prognosis. - Treatment. - Ligatures.-Wire Suture.-Wire
Splint.-Bandages.-Pasteboard Splints.-Objections to Bandages

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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF EXPRESSION.

A Knowledge of Physiognomy indispensable.-Expression dependent upon
Action of the Muscles.-Illustration of the Facial Muscles.-Description

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and Function of Facial Muscles.-Illustration of the Pterygoidei.—The
Great Lines of Character in the Face.-Expression centering chiefly about
the Mouth.-Function of the Fifth and Seventh Pairs of Nerves.-Illus-

trations of Different Expressions.-Value of Teeth as a Means of Expres-

sion.-Effects of Civilization on Physiognomy

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IRREGULARITIES, either in the form of the arch or the position of the teeth, are very uncommon in the deciduous set. We have seldom seen an irregular arch in a child prior to the eruption of the permanent teeth, unless associated with and correlated to some other deformity. In a few instances there has been observed a slight malposition of one or more of the incisors, sometimes of congenital origin, and sometimes the result of mischievous habits; as, for example, the two centrals may be pulled forward by the prolonged use of an artificial nipple, sucking the thumb, or other similar habit.

Congenital deformities rarely amount to more than a trifling displacement of one or two of the incisors; but, considering the temporary character of the deciduous teeth, and more especially the incisors, no irregularity in their position. that we have ever seen can be regarded as of special importance, or as justifying any interference for its correction. They are to be classed as mere freaks of nature, not associated with nor indicating any other peculiarity in the child. Nor do they prognosticate an irregularity in the development of the second set. This important fact can not be too prominently borne in mind. The deciduous dental arch is always

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