to be taken by voters, and to returning officers and their powers and duties, and relating to the proceedings at elections, and to the period during which such elections may be continued,—and relating to the trial of controverted elections, and the proceedings incident thereto,—and relating to the vacating of seats of members, and to the issuing and execution of new writs, in case of any seat being vacated otherwise than by a dissolution, shall respectively apply to elections of members to serve in the House of Commons, for places situate in those Provinces respectively.

27. Every House of Commons shall continue for five years from the day of the return of the writs choosing the same, and no longer; subject, nevertheless, to be sooner prorogued or dissolved by the Gov

ernor.

28. There shall be a session of the general Parliament once, at least, in every year, so that a period of twelve calendar months shall not intervene between the last sitting of the general Parliament in one session, and the first sitting thereof in the next session.

29. The general Parliament shall have power to make laws for the peace, welfare, and good government of the federated provinces (saving the sovereignty of England), and especially laws respecting the following subjects :

(1) The public debt and property.

(2) The regulation of trade and commerce.

(3) The imposition or regulation of duties of customs on imports and exports, except on exports of timber, logs, masts, spars, deals and sawn lumber from New Brunswick, and of coal and other minerals from Nova Scotia.

(4) The imposition or regulation of excise duties.

(5) The raising of money by all or any other modes or systems of taxation.

(6) The borrowing of money on the public credit.

(7) Postal service.

(8) Lines of steam or other ships, railways, canals and other
works, connecting any two or more of the Provinces to-
gether or extending beyond the limits of any Province.
(9) Lines of steamships between the federated provinces and
other countries.

(10) Telegraphic communication and the incorporation of tele-
graphic companies.

(11) All such works as shall, although lying wholly within any Province, be specially declared by the Acts authorizing them to be for the general advantage.

(12) The census.

(13) Militia-military and naval service and defence.

(14) Beacons, buoys and light houses.

(15) Navigation and shipping.

(16) Quarantine.

(17) Sea-coast and island fisheries.

(18) Ferries between any province and a foreign country, or

between any two provinces.

(19) Currency and coinage.

(20) Banking-incorporation of banks, and the issue of paper

money.

(21) Savings banks.

(22) Weights and measures.

(23) Bills of exchange and promissory notes.

(24) Interest.

(25) Legal tender.

(26) Bankruptcy and insolvency.

(27) Patents of invention and discovery.

(28) Copyrights.

(29) Indians and lands reserved for the Indians.

(30) Naturalization and aliens.

(31) Marriage and divorce.

(32) The criminal law, excepting the constitution of courts of criminal jurisdiction, but including the procedure in criminal matters.

(33) Rendering uniform all or any of the laws relative to property and civil rights in Upper Canada, Nova Scctia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, and Prince Edward Island, and rendering uniform the procedure of all or any of the courts in these Provinces; but any statute for this purpose shall have no force or authority in any Province until sanctioned by the Legislature thereof.

(34) The establishment of a general Court of Appeal for the federated Provinces.

(35) Immigration.

(36) Agriculture.

(37) And generally respecting all matters of a general character, not specially and exclusively reserved for the local Governments and Legislatures.

30. The general Government and Parliament shall have all powers necessary or proper for performing the obligations of the federated Provinces, as part of the British Empire, to foreign countries arising under treaties between Great Britain and such countries.

31. The general Parliament may also, from time to time, establish additional courts, and the general Government may appoint judges and officers thereof, when the same shall appear necessary or for the pubic advantage, in order to the due execution of the laws of Parliament.

32. All courts, judges and officers of the several Provinces shall aid, assist and obey the general Government in the exercise of its CAN, CON,-26

rights and powers, and for such purposes shall be held to be courts. judges and officers of the general, Government.

33. The general Government shall appoint and pay the judges of the Superior Courts in each Province, and of the County Courts in Upper Canada, and Parliament shall fix their salaries.

34. Until the consolidation of the laws of Upper Canada, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island, the judges of these Provinces appointed by the general Government shall be selected from their respective bars.

35. The judges of the courts of Lower Canada shall be selected from the bar of Lower Canada.

36. The judges of the Court of Admiralty now receiving salaries shall be paid by the general Government.

37. The judges of the Superior Courts shall hold their offices during good behaviour, and shall be removable only on the address of both Houses of Parliament.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT.

38. For each of the Provinces there shall be an executive officer, styled the Lieutenant-Governor, who shall be appointed by the Governor-General in Council, under the Great Seal of the federated Provinces, during pleasure; such pleasure not to be exercised before the expiration of the first five years, except for cause; such cause to be communicated in writing to the Lieutenant-Governor immediately after the exercise of the pleasure as aforesaid, and also by message to both Houses of Parliament, within the first week of the first session afterwards.

39. The Lieutenant-Governor of each Province shall be paid by the general Government.

40. In undertaking to pay the salaries of the Lieutenant-Governors, the Conference does not desire to prejudice the claim of Prince Edward Island upon the Imperial Government for the amount now paid for the salary of the Lieutenant-Governor thereof.

41. The local Government and Legislature of each Province shall be constructed in such manner as the existing Legislature of such Province shall provide.

42. The local Legislatures shall have power to alter or amend their constitution from time to time.

43. The local Legislatures shall have power to make laws respecting the following subjects:

(1) Direct taxation, and in New Brunswick the imposition of duties on the export of timber, logs, masts, spars, deals and sawn lumber; and in Nova Scotia, on coals and other minerals.

(2) Borrowing money on the credit of the Province.

(3) The establishment and tenure of local offices, and the appointment and payment of local officers.

(4) Agriculture.

(5) Immigration.

(6) Education; saving the rights and privileges which the Protestant or Catholic minority in both Canadas may posses as to their denominational schools, at the time when the union goes into operation.

(7) The sale and management of public lands excepting lands belonging to the general Government.

(8) Sea-coast and inland fisheries.

(9) The establishment, maintenance and management of penitentiaries, and of public and reformatory prisons.

(10) The establishment, maintenance and management of hospitals, asylums, charities and eleemosynary institutions.

(11) Municipal institutions.

(12) Shop, saloon, tavern, auctioneer and other licenses.
(13) Local works.

(14) The incorporation of private or local companies, except such
as relate to matters assigned to the general Parliament.
(15) Property and civil rights, excepting those portions thereof
assigned to the general Parliament.

(16) Inflicting punishment by fine, penalties, imprisonment or
otherwise, for the breach of laws passed in relation to any
subject within their jurisdiction.

(17) The administration of justice, including the constitution, maintenance and organization of the courts both of civil and criminal jurisdiction, and including also the procedure in civil matters.

(18) And generally all matters of a private or local nature, not assigned to the general Parliament.

44. The power of respiting, reprieving, and pardoning prisoners convicted of crimes, and of commuting and remitting of sentences in whole or in part which belongs of right to the Crown, shall be administered by the Lieutenant-Governor of each Province in Council, subject to any instructions he may, from time to time, receive from the general Government, and subject to any provisions that may be made in this behalf by the general Parliament.

MISCELLANEOUS.

45. In regard to all subjects over which jurisdiction belongs to both the general and local Legislatures, the laws of the general Parliament shall control and supersede those made by the local Legislature, and the latter shall be void so far as they are repugnant to or inconsistent with, the former.

46. Both the English and French languages may be employed in the general Parliament and in its proceedings, and in the local Legis

lature of Lower Canada, and also in the Federal courts, and in the courts of Lower Canada.

47. No lands or property belonging to the general or local Governments shall be liable to taxation.

48. All bills for appropriating any part of the public revenue, or for imposing any new tax or impost, shall originate in the House of Commons or House of Assembly, as the case may be.

49. The House of Commons or House of Assembly shall not originate or pass any vote, resolution, address or bill for the appropriation of any part of the public revenue, or of any tax or impost to any purpose, not first recommended by message of the Governor-General or the Lieutenant-Governor, as the case may be, during the session in which such vote, resolution, address or bill is passed.

50. Any bill of the general Parliament may be reserved in the usual manner for Her Majesty's assent, and any bill of the local Legislatures may, in like manner, be reserved for the consideration of the Governor-General.

51. Any bill passed by the general Parliament shall be subject to disallowance by Her Majesty within two years, as in the case of bills passed by the Legislatures of the said Provinces hitherto; and, in like manner, any bill passed by a local Legislature shall be subject to disallowance by the Governor-General within one year after the passing thereof.

52. The seat of Government of the federated Provinces shall be Ottawa, subject to the Royal prerogative.

53. Subject to any future action of the respective local Governments, the seat of the local Government in Upper Canada shall be Toronto; of Lower Canada, Quebec; and the seats of the local Governments in the other Provinces shall be as at present.

PROPERTY AND LIABILITIES.

54. All stocks, cash, bankers' balances and securities for money belonging to each Province at the time of the Union, except as hereinafter mentioned, shall belong to the general Government.

55. The following public works and property of each Province shall belong to the general Government, to wit:

(1) Canals.

(2) Public harbors.

(3) Light houses and piers.

(4) Steamboats, dredges and public vessels.

(5) River and lake improvements.

(6) Railway and railway stocks, mortgages and other debts due by railway companies.

(7) Military roads.

(8) Custom houses, post offices and other public buildings, except such as may be set aside by the general Government for the use of the local Legislatures and Governments.