Language and Change in the Arab Middle East: The Evolution of Modern Arabic Political Discourse

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Oxford University Press, 1987 M07 16 - 226 páginas
Middle Eastern society experienced sudden and profound change in the 19th century under the impact of European expansion and influence. But as Western ideas about politics, technology, and culture began to infiltrate Arab society, the old language proved to be an inadequate vehicle for transmitting these alien concepts from abroad. In this study of the rise of modern Arabic, Ayalon examines 19th-century linguistic change in the Eastern Arab world as a mirror of changing Arab perceptions and responses to the West as well as a guide to the emergence of modern Arabic concepts, institutions, and practices. Focusing on the realm of political discourse, Ayalon looks at a wide array of evidence--local chronicles, travel accounts, translations of European writings, Arab political treatises, newspapers and periodicals, and dictionaries--to show how shifts in the color, tone, and meaning of the Arab vocabulary reflected a new socio-political and cultural reality.

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Introduction
3
1 Religious Communities and NationStates
16
2 Sultans Kings Emperors
29
3 Subjects and Citizens
43
4 The Sociopolitical EliteTraditional Standards of Seniority
54
5 The Sociopolitical EliteLeadership by Popular Election
69
6 Constitutions Laws Legislation
81
7 Government Autocratic and Otherwise
97
8 Instruments of Modern PoliticsParliaments and Parties
110
Conclusion
127
Notes
134
Sources
165
Index
189
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Página 43 - ... to the oppression of women. Then she rhetorically established that the sexes had never been segregated in nature but rather were found intermingled. Having set forward her claims for equality based on the laws of nature, Gouges then listed the 27 articles of the declaration. Patterned directly after the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and frequently paraphrasing its language, the declaration proclaimed the incontestable rights of woman.
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