knowledge. They saunter through life conscious that they shall exist hereafter, but strangely indifferent as to the nature or conditions of that existence." And in reference to the mental imbecility and the indifference to intellectual improvement among these degraded sons and daughters of Ham, I may add, in the language of the same careful and experienced observer (Rev. J. L. Wilson): "In whatever point of light we contemplate the African mind, it presents little else than an inextricable maze of ignorance, credulity, and superstition, from which it can never be disengaged except by the life-giving and light-imparting influences of Christianity."

CHAPTER LXII.

EMIGRATION IN 1851-2.

1. On the 1st of November, 1851, the barque Morgan Dix sailed from Baltimore for Liberia with a company of 149 emigrants, sent out under the auspices of the American Colonization Society. They were all landed at Buchanan, in Grand Bassa County, about the 10th of the following month (December). Several of this company were men of considerable intelligence, prudence, and enterprise; and we were happy to learn that they lived, and did well in their adopted home. A large number of these emigrants were, however, such persons as we would not select as emigrants to Liberia, if we could always exercise the privilege of selection. And, as was feared, the mortality among this company was considerable-much greater than the usual mortality among emigrants in passing through the process of acclimation-the whole number of deaths for the year following having been thirty

seven.

2. Several of these were very aged persons, and several young infants. These people were under the medical care of Dr. J. S. Smith, who was as well qualified to conduct emigrants safely through the acclimating process as any other physician that has ever practiced in Liberia, and whose practice was generally attended with great success. Dr. Smith attributes the death of most of those who died of this company to other causes, than sickness produced by the ordinary agents of disease, operating in Liberia.

3. He says: "The Morgan Dix company were generally intractable, and were influenced more by animal appetites than by reason. Those who were not given to inordinate indulgence of the appetite, and had stout hearts, have done well. Besides, many of them were infirm and of feeble constitutions-some having been the subjects of typhoid fever, and not a few were subjects of confirmed dyspepsia." Again, he says: "There were several who were given to strong drink; and some of them were exceedingly imprudent in the excessive use of fruits.

4. Under date of July 29th, S. A. Benson, Esq., our agent at Buchanan, writes as follows: "The immigrants by the Zeno, Liberia Packet, and Ralph Cross have not had much mortality among them; but the mortality of the Morgan Dix's company has been considerable, owing to their imprudence-they would not heed advice, would eat fruit such as old settlers do not indulge in; as instance, one got out of his bed at night while sick, went under an orange-tree in my garden, and ate two dozen oranges at midnight, and boasted of it next day. Such a set of hardheaded people, as a general thing (though there are some worthy exceptions), I never saw before. The most of those who were prudent have not lost one of their family."

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5. In November, 1852, three fine new barques sailed for Liberia the Joseph Maxwell, from Wilmington, N. C., November 22, with 150 emigrants; the Linda Stewart, from Norfolk, Va., November 27, with 171 emigrants, 129

of whom were from Virginia, 39 from North Carolina, 2 from New York city, and 1 from New Jersey; and the Shirley, from Baltimore, November 27, with 2 emigrants sent out by this Society, and 34 by the Maryland State Colonization Society.

6. The whole number in the three vessels was 321 (exclusive of Marshall Hooper and wife, who are returning to their home in Liberia), of whom 289 were born free, 22 were emancipated in view of emigrating, and 10 purchased their own freedom or were purchased by their friends. Of the whole number, 144 were from North Carolina, 7 from Georgia, 2 from the District of Columbia, 1 from Pennsylvania, 1 from New Jersey, and 1 from Indiana. Some of these emigrants are men of considerable intelligence and enterprise; and we have reason to hope that many of them will become valuable citizens of the new Republic.

7. Five white missionaries of the Baptist Church sailed for Liberia in the Linda Stewart: the Rev. Mr. Sherman and wife, of Philadelphia; the Rev. Mr. Goodman and wife, of Ohio, and Mrs. Crocker, widow of the late Rev. W. G. Crocker, who, after six years' labor in Liberia, died at Monrovia in 1844. Mrs. C., after an absence of a few years from Liberia, is now returning to her former field of labor and usefulness.

8. The following-named missionaries sailed in the barque Shirley: the Rev. Levi Scott, Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, who goes to meet the Liberia Annual Conference; the Rev. J. W. Horne, who expects to take charge of the Methodist Episcopal Seminary at Monrovia, and Miss Reynolds of the same Church; also the Rev. Mr. Scott and wife, and Miss Freeman of the Protestant Episcopal Church. The three latter are destined for the mission of that Church at Cape Palmas.

9. On the 23d of December, 1851, Mr. Abraham Cauldwell was appointed by the New York and Liberia Agricultural Association their traveling agent to Africa. He

returned to New York on the 12th of November, 1852, and gave the following account of Africa, and of the benefits to be obtained by emigration to that country, which was published in the New York Tribune of December 1:

10. "I will endeavor," he writes, "to give you as true a statement as my humble ability will permit. In truth and soberness, it would be needless for me to tell you that Africa flows with milk and honey, or that corn grows without planting. Liberia truly is a garden spot; her lands are beautiful, her soil is most fertile, her prairies and her forests are blooming and gay, her rivers and streams abound with fish, and her forests with game. She has a republican constitution; a most excellent code of laws are strictly observed. There are several churches and schools in Monrovia, and they are well filled with scholars. The Monrovians are the most strictly moral, if not the most strictly religious, people I ever saw.

11. "I shall now speak of emigration, of which I have some knowledge. In 1823 I emigrated to Hayti, and in 1839 I emigrated to the Island of Trinidad, West Indies, and lastly to Africa, where I find a peaceful home, where storms of prejudice never come on account of my complexion.

12. "I have been noticing, for several years, the movements of the Abolition Society, and once thought they were right, and still believe they are sincere, and really desirous to elevate the colored man. Some of them have shown it too plainly for me to be mistaken. For instance, Mr. Gerrit Smith, who gave away part of his fortune. Many others have also sacrificed their good names and their money. But, alas! how many good men have been deceived. I, for one, have been blind to my best interest. I hesitate not to say that colonization is the only thing to elevate the colored man. It is vain for many of us to talk of settling on Mr. Smith's land, or of emigrating to Canada and settling on land without money, which, comparatively speaking, few have.

13. Africa holds forth inducements whereby the colored man may be elevated without money and without price. When I arrived in Liberia, the government granted me sixty lots, of ten acres each; thirty lots lie upon the St. Paul's River, that being all the land unoccupied on the bank of the river that I could obtain; and thirty more immediately in the rear, but not more than a quarter of a mile back. The land is beautifully situated on the river. The soil is very fertile and well timbered. It is within two miles of the town of Millsburg.

14. "The government grants ten acres to each family, and if they want more they can get it from the government for about fifty cents per acre. I have also built nine houses for you on the land, one large house, and eight others of lesser size for families. I have also cleared and planted down, in cassada, coffee, and other products, about nine or ten acres. I also bought three acres of cassada, grown and fit for use, which is ready for the emigrants who have to settle part of that land. Though I have contracted but for six hundred acres, thousands of acres can be obtained in the rear, if required. There are also many beautiful mill-streams on the tract, and the best of water.

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15. There is no danger of not having success in emigrating to Liberia; for I assure you, if you settle on those lands, having a house already built and a garden planted, and if you will but work two hours in each day, you can not fail to do better than by working the whole day in America. You can raise sweet potatoes, yams, cassada, cotton, coffee, and all other vegetables. You can also raise two crops a year. Besides, you can raise geese, turkeys, ducks, chickens, pigs, horses, cows, sheep, goats, and everything to make you happy, with far less expense than you can in America.

16. "There is a wide field open for farmers. If a man plants ten acres of coffee, in four or five years he will realize a handsome income. Coffee requires very little