his voyage touched at Cape de Verds, Bathurst, on the Gambia, and Sierra Leone, and conferred with many intelligent and religious men at the English settlements.

6. He regularly organized the Methodist Episcopal Church at Monrovia, purchased the mission-house which was built by Mr. Ashmun, and selected several important points for missionary stations. But his health, which had long been feeble, failed before he had done much toward the accomplishment of his enlarged plans of benevolence, and on the 20th of July his career of usefulness was closed by death. His own words better express his zeal and devotedness than a volume written in his praise. "Let thousands fall before Africa be abandoned."

7. The following paragraph in the Liberia Herald shows that the colonists themselves were doing something for the missionary cause: "According to the resolutions of the managers of the Board of Domestic and Foreign Missions in the town of Monrovia, and Colony of Liberia, held on the 17th of May, 1833, at the Monrovia Baptist Church, Adam W. Anderson, by proposal to said Board, was unanimously appointed a missionary by all present, to locate himself, for the space of one year, at Grand Cape Mount (West Africa), among the Vey people, to teach the children of natives, as far as possible, the English language, and to preach, when opportunity would offer itself, to the adult part of the tribe. He will leave Cape Montserado in a few days, in prosecution of so arduous and important a duty. O! may much good be done through his instrumentality, among that idolatrous and perverse people, that the Saviour of mankind might receive abundant honor, even among the heathen, to His great name."

8. In regard to the moral and religious condition of the Colony generally, but little change had taken place. There were nine houses of worship in the various settlements, and the Sabbath and public worship were well observed. This was a year of unusual sickness and mortality. Out of the 649 emigrants that had arrived, 134 died. Those of no

particular class, nor from no particular section of the United States, were exempt from the fatal effects of the fever, though the emigrants from the North suffered most. The Colony had been deprived of the services of Drs. Todson and Hall; both having returned to the United States on account of ill-health, the duties of physician, for the whole Colony, devolved on the agent, Dr. Mecklin, who himself was enfeebled by the fever, caused by exposure.

9. The emigrants were located in settlements widely separated from each other. When attacked with fever, one physician could not, even if in good health, give them proper attention. The emigrants from the South, believing they were in no danger, imprudently exposed themselves to the various exciting causes of the fever, and when attacked, relied for remedies on some of their own company, rather than on the advice of those more experienced.

10. Among the deaths that occurred this year, none was more lamented than that of Francis Devany (of consumption). He was originally a slave, belonging to Langdon Cheves, Esq., of Charleston, S. C., and emigrated to Liberia at an early period of its settlement. He engaged in commerce, and accumulated a handsome fortune. He held for some time the office of high sheriff of the Colony, and in the various relations of life sustained and deserved the character of an honest man.

11. In their annual report, the Board of Managers of the American Colonization Society, while they deplored the suffering and loss of life experienced in the Colony, expressed undiminished confidence in the final success of their enterprise, and referred to still more disastrous events in the early history of American colonization. The comparative view given by them was as follows: "The number which had been sent to the Colony before the arrival of the expeditions above mentioned, as so severely afflicted, was 1,872 persons, and the actual population of the Colony (not including the recaptured Africans) in 1832, 1,697. The

whole number of emigrants, including the expeditions of last year, and the recaptured Africans (a part of whom only were removed from this country), has been 3,123, while the present population of the Colony is stated to be 2,816. About fifty of the colonists are believed to have been absent in the country at the time this census was taken.

12. "Now, it should not be forgotten that the early emigrants were exposed to almost every variety of hardship and suffering, that several fell in a contest with the natives, that from twenty to fifty at least have returned, that some have perished by disasters upon the rivers and at sea, that all have had to contend with difficulties, inseparable from their enterprise, in an untried climate and on a distant and uncultivated shore, and finally, that neither the information nor the pecuniary means of the Society have at all times been such as to enable it adequately to fulfill the dictates of its own benevolence.

13. "While the facts just stated must excite painful emotions in the breast of every member of this Society, while all will feel that human life is not to be wantonly exposed or lightly regarded, neither (the Managers may be permitted to say), on account of ordinary or temporary calamities, should a great cause, undertaken from the purest motives, and for purposes of large and lasting good to mankind, be abandoned. The history of colonization in America proves how impotent were events, in themselves most afflictive and disheartening, to arrest the progress of settlements founded by men who grew wise in adversity and gathered resolution and strength from defeat.

14. "The genius of our nation, sprung from the colonies of Plymouth and Jamestown, rebukes the despondency which would augur destruction to Liberia because dark clouds have hung over it and many valuable lives perished in its foundation. Nearly one half the first Plymouth emigrants died in the course of four months. The first three attempts to plant a colony in Virginia totally

failed. In six months, 90 of the 100 settlers who landed at Jamestown died. Subsequently, in the same brief period, the inhabitants of this Colony were reduced from 500 to 60; and long after, when £150,000 had been expended on that Colony, and 9,000 pcople had been sent thither, its population amounted to but 1,800 souls."

15. The report of Capt. Voorhees, of the United States ship John Adams, to the Secretary of the Navy, dated 14th of December, 1833, gave some interesting facts in relation to the condition of the Colony. "The importance of this settlement here is daily developing itself in various ways, and is always felt as a refuge of security and hospitality, both to the oppressed natives and the shipwrecked mariner Lately a French oil ship was cast away to the south of Grand Bassa, where the crew, about twenty in number, were kindly received by the settlers at that place, and from which they safely traveled, uninterrupted, along the sea-shore to Monrovia. Here the generous hospitality of the people of Liberia (though with humble means, and at their own expense) prompted them to fit out a conveyance for the seamen, by the Government schooner, in which they were carried to their own settlement of Gorée. And on our arrival here, I found a French man-of-war barque, the commander of which had been dispatched by the governor of Gorée, to express the thanks of his country to the people of Liberia for the charitable services which they had rendered their countrymen.

16. "Monrovia appears to be in a thriving condition, and bears an air of comfort and neatness in the dwellings quite surprising. Several stone warehouses and stone wharves line the banks of the river; others are building, which, with schooners loading and unloading or repairing, afford an aspect and an air of business common to a respectable white population. All seem to be employed, good order and morality prevailing throughout. But cultivators of the soil are mostly needed here. A few mechanics might do well, such as ship-carpenters, blacksmiths, sail

makers, boat-builders, masons, and house-carpenters. The settlement must move onward, and with all its disadvantages it appears a miracle that it should be in such a state of advancement.

17. "An intelligent man, about sixty years of age, with whom I conversed, stated that he had been here about eighteen months, and was getting on cleverly for himself and family, and that on no account would he return to the ́ United States. 'It was true he had not yet the luxuries nor the accommodations which he had been accustomed to in America, but the want of these was not to be brought into competition with his rights and privileges as a man in Liberia; for here only, in the consciousness of having no superior, did he feel himself a MAN, or had he ever before known what it was to be truly happy.'

18. The colonial agent, Dr. Mecklin, who had done much to enlarge the territory and extend the influence of the Colony, returned to the United States, and resigned his office as colonial agent. His health had been impaired by the arduous labors of his station and the influence of the climate. A removal from a tropical region seemed to offer the only hope of his recovery.

CHAPTER XLII.

A NEW AGENT-MISSIONARIES.

1. THE first day of this year, 1834, welcomed the arrival of a new colonial agent, the Rev. J. B. Pinney, which is thus announced in the Liberia Herald for January: "On the 31st ult. the ship Jupiter arrived in our harbor, having on board, as passengers, Rev. J. B. Pinney, recently appointed colonial agent by the Board of Managers of the American Colonization Society, Dr. G. P. Todsen, colonial