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of becoming so, it is only as peacemakers that we proffer our advice. We hope our pages will never be equally abused; but, if such were our misfortune, we should hasten to apprize our readers that we had sent the traitor to Coventry.

The Scotsman's Library; being a complete Collection of Anecdotes and Facts relative to Scotland and Scotsmen in all Ages. By James Mitchell, LL.D. -square 12mo. 10s. 6d.

A LIBRARY for an illuminated nation is a bold assumption of Dr. Mitchell. He does not intend, however, that his library should supersede all other books; but that this, above all, is a work which every true Scot should possess and study. In this respect he has, we must acknowledge, been successful; and that Scotsman must be coldblooded who does not thank him for thus illustrating his common country; and fastidious to a fault who does not read with satisfaction nine-tenths of the numerous articles which are given in the volume. As we are among those who have always acknowledged the good points of the Scottish character, so we concede it to Dr. M. as a fact, that few nations in the world could produce a more interesting display of original and exalted qualities of conduct and mind than have been assembled in this work. Scotsmen will, of course, seize on the volume as a treasure; but, if Englishmen could also prevail on themselves to read it, the perusal would diminish many of their prejudices against their northern fellow-subjects.

A Succinct History of Tithes in London; shewing the Progress of that Portion of the Ecclesiastical Revenues, from a very early Period: drawn from original Records, and respectfully inscribed to the Inhabitants of St. Botolph, Aldgate. By A Parishioner.-8vo. pp. 40. Letts, jun.

To abridge "a succinct history," whose contents correspond with the title, is a task which is impossible. To make extracts from a work whose value depends upon its appearance as a whole, is invidious. The question of tithes has recently occasioned much discussion in the metropolis, and, so far as the metropolis is concerned, the object of the writer of this sensible pamphlet is, to furnish the most authentic information with regard to their origin and fluctuations. The pamphlet is so well worthy of perusal, that it would be difficult to give it sufficiently extensive circulation. We say this on many accounts; not the weakest reason for our doing so, is to show, that after all the clamour which has been raised against the clergy, the person, whose rapacious exactions, under the form of tithes, have been most severely felt, and most rigidly enforced, as a lay-impro.. priator-Mr. Kynaston, of St. Botolph, Aldgate.

576

FOREIGN LITERATURE.

The National Calendar for the United States, for the Year 1824. By P. Force. Vol. V.—1 vol. 12mo. pp. 280. Washing ton.

ACCORDING to the exposé of the American marine contained in the Calendar, the United States have, at the present time, seven ships of the line, seventy-fours; five frigates of forty-four guns, three of thirtysix, two of twenty-four, four of eighteen, one of fourteen, and five of twelve. Besides these, they have the Fulton steam-frigate, constructed in 1814, and four other small ships of war; fifteen sloops are devoted to the suppression of piracy; twenty-seven vessels of different sizes are employed on the lakes; and, finally, there are five ships of the line, and five frigates now constructing in the six public docks of the States. The statistic table which accompanies the Calendar, puts us in a condition to judge of the state of the commerce of the United States with the different regions of the world. The countries with which they carry on the largest commercial intercourse, are England, the Isle of Cuba, China, France, South America, and Mexico, the Hanseatic towns, the Republic of Hayti, the Danish possessions in the West Indies, Malta, and Italy. The imports chiefly come from England, and her colonies in the East and West Indies, Russia, Sweden, the Isle of Cuba, China, South America, and Spain. As to the exports, they are principally directed to France, Prussia, the Republic of Hayti, Denmark, Holland, the Hanseatic Towns, Trieste, and Terre Neuve.

Remarks on Gold, and the Manner of using it. From a Chinese Work entitled Description of the Arts of the Empire.

THE empire of China contains nearly 100 gold mines; and the greater portion of this metal is derived from the south-eastern provinces. The mines where it is found are more than 100 feet (tchangs) deep. It is also collected from rivers. It is the Kintcha-kiang or Gold Sand River in Yunnan, which supplies almost all the gold obtained from river sand. This river has its source in Thibet, and arrives at Petching-tcheou, making a circuit of about 500 lis, (50 leagues.) It is there that it is intersected in several places for the purpose of the gold fishery. The metal derived from it is of a pale yellow when first smelted; but it becomes red, if the

operation is repeated. At Tan-yai there are plains of gold: the metal there is so mixed with sand and earth, that it is necessary to dig deep in order to find it. If it be entirely taken away, no reproduction of it occurs; and, therefore, it is only possible to wash and smelt a certain quantity in the course of the year. Among the Southern Tartars, gold is found in caverns at a certain depth beneath a stratum of the stone named He-thsiao. In the province of Honan, at Thay-koung and other places, and in the province of Kiangsi, at Yo-phing, Sinkian, and other places, pits are dug in the plains, whence an extremely fine sand is taken, which is washed and purified in order to reduce it to a metallic state. The Ling Pao asserts that the common people wash the entrails of the ducks and geese which are fed on these plains; and sometimes obtain as much as an ounce of gold in a pound; but the author, from whom our account is translated, adds slily that he fears the statement is a fable.

On the Employment of Time. By Jullien. Paris.

In this work, the third edition of which has just appeared at Paris, self-knowledge and self-management, as the fruits of what the author has read and meditated, in the book of Common Sense, present those philosophical ideas, which, most gratefully, rule morality, in proportion to our advances in them. The good and the wise know the worth of these, as affecting a revolution in the heart, as enlightening the ignorant, as favouring benign dispositions, and impressions not easily got rid of; as restoring strength to the feeble, consoling with hopes with the gifts of vigorous youth. In the the unfortunate, and often blessing old age estimable society of these, the moral virtues are welcomed and esteemed; without them life cannot enjoy tranquil repose, but is liable to be perpetually, though differently, agitated, in its most common occurrences.

"If you love life," says Franklin, "don't waste your time; its right use will open all the roads to success, and even to the glory, which your labours, brilliant or immense, may deserve." Mr. J. wields this instrument, once brandished with the hand and arm of Franklin, in conditions very different and quite opposite, his whole life being a commentary on his text. He could enjoy his praise and renown as a politician with the enthusiasm of the people, grateful for the benefits and happiness he had afforded

them; but he never appeared tired of contemplative pursuits; and indolence was unknown to him. The justice, moderation, and frankness, which he possessed and cultivated, in his humbler destinies, were not obscured or extinguished, by proximity to, and communications with, a court; the introduction to which is often of a very mischievous tendency. M. Jullien's views refer, not only to the moral but physical and intellectual life of man.

In approaching the subject of selfmanagement, which is ever looking forward to a period of improvement, selfknowledge should be our business and study in the little domestic, as well as higher employment, whether we live in the midst of profusion, or hope to find and appreciate content in a cottage and its innocent appendages. If determined to do our duty, we must submit to the lot an allwise Providence has appointed for and, in the endeavours and exertions which occupy the mind, we should make a faithful examination of the past, a rule for framing those dispositions, affections, and emotions, which become a Being who would be respected as reasonable.

us,

In the performance of a duty of such magnitude as self-examination, the author recommends, (as sure and meritorious, and what habit will render an easy task,) to say or do nothing of consequence, whether it be to amuse and please, or to consult the humours and feelings of the heart, more repulsive, without calculating in different points; or without dwelling on the question of cui bono, as a subject, not to be judged of superficially, like others. Also to require an account, every morning or evening, of the transactions which related to or closed the preceding day, and to set down this account, in writing, in a style concordant with our feelings, at the time; to shrink from no investigation, and to preserve the diary as an analytical record. The author extends this plan to details of expense, to the comforts and blessings we enjoy, or the abundance we lack, and are endeavouring to make our own.

On the whole, the author, during a practice of twenty years, has kept three journals of this description; one of a general kind, not for daily memoranda, but for recollections and reflections of a certain interest. The second he terms the agenda, more extensively relating to receipts and disbursements, to social intercourse and correspondence by letters; to biographical researches, historical, necrological notices. The third, he calls a biometer, specifying the hour of each day, respectively, allotted to such recorded particulars.

Independance des Colonies considerée dans ses rapports avec L'Interêt et la Politique de L'Europe. Par M. De G.-Paris. 8vo. pp. 59. 1 fr. 50 cents. Trouvé.

THE author of this pamphlet knows very little of the present situation of St. Domingo. He has the temerity to pretend that the re-conquest of this island would not be a war, but a simple measure of police. But he would find himself mistaken if the attempt were made.

If the forcible subjugation of St. Domingo were undertaken, according to a statement made by M. Mazois, an old proprietor and director-general of the royal packets, it would require 250 transports, eight menof-war, and 30,000 troops. It would be further necessary, in order to provide for and recruit the army, to despatch, during the first eight months, 80 or 100 more transports. These different expeditions, according to the same authority, requiring to maintain in active service 54,000 sea, and land forces, at 1800 leagues distance, during an entire year, would not cost less than 200,000 millions.

Parables, by Dr. F. A. Krummaker.

From the German, by Frederick
Shoberl. Ackerman.

WE have before expressed our view of the obligation of the public to Mr. Ackerman, for the variety of tasteful gratifications which he is in the habit of dispensing in new and elegant forms: and the little work before us constitutes an augmented claim upon its patronage. The beautiful little collection of parables and epilogues contained in it may be considered as a valuable addition the soul. Administered in the present form, to the sum of our juvenile "physic" for the medicine will be as agreeable to the palate as serviceable to the tone of the mind.

So the sick infant's taste disguised to meet,

The vessel's brim is tinged with juices sweet;

The saving draught his willing lip receives, He tastes deluded, and deluded lives.

Neue Untersuchungen des Kellenthums

Zur Aufhellung Der Ungeschichte
Der Deutschen. J. G. Radloff,
Bonne.

THE author endeavours to prove the fallacy of the commonly-received notion, that we have received all our knowledge from the East, alleging that the first teachers of the Greeks, who instructed them in the doctrines of the immortality of the soul, came

from the north. It has been generally be lieved till now, he says, that the Germans were not known to civilization till about 110 years before the Christian æra; and, except what Cæsar and Tacitus relate, very inaccurate particulars were obtained with regard to them. The little that some Greek writers and philosophers, despatched thither by Alexander, recorded, was not sufficiently appreciated. Under these circumstances, he thinks himself enabled to supply the world with certain particulars, relative to the Celts and Germans, drawn from the ancient connection between the northern tribes and the great oracles, and from the voyages of ancient German priests into Greece.

Histoire de la Regeneration de la Grece; comprenant le precis des evenements depuis 1740, jusqu' en 1824. Par F. C. M. L. Pouqueville, ancien Consul- general de France aupres d'Ali Pacha de Janina, &c.-4 vol. 8vo. avec cartes et portraits. Paris. Firmin Didot, Pere et Fils.

WE cannot follow M. de Pouqueville through all the details of this history; it would be necessary to copy them entirely, to comprise all that is worthy. the attention and the admiration of the reader. His vivid and eloquent narrative is not fitted for analysis: the events, moreover, that he recounts, are present to the thoughts of the whole world, and are, in fact, passing under our eyes. But the peculiar position of the historian in this case, has enabled us to say much more than could be known respecting them. He is enabled to describe the places accurately, because he has visited them; the principal persons, because he

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has seen them all; the causes of this great
political earthquake, and the nature of the
interests which have set it in motion, be-
cause he has studied them at their source:
for he too has been able to say, respecting
the facts which he recounts,-Quæque ipse
miserrima vidi.

La Chaumiere Indienne, Le Café de
Surate, &c. et Paul_et Virginie.
Par Jacques-Henry-Bernardin de
St. Pierre.-2 vol. small 8vo. each
38..

THESE two elegant little volumes, which
may be had separately or together, are, in
every respect, worthy of a lady's library. The
contents of each are complete in themselves,
those of the first comprising La Chaumiere
Indienne, La Café de Surate, Voyage en
Siberia, Immensité de la Nature, &c. &c.
preceded by the life of the author: and
those of the second, Paul et Virginie, with
an Avant-Propos.

The work is brought forward under the general title of Choix des Classiques Francais, and is edited by L. T. Ventouillac. The present volumes form the seventh and eighth of a series, the intended extent of which is not announced; and should they all be as carefully and delicately prepared as those now lying before us, their claim to public favour will be considerable. The plan of the editor is, we perceive, to ornament each volume with two vignettes, illustrative of certain scenes or incidents in the principal piece in the volume. In the present instances, these are ingeniously designed, and executed with much taste and ability; and the printer, vying with the exertions of the engraver, has performed his part with uncommon neatness and accuracy.

We hope we fulfil our engagement, in noticing every Book published within five or six weeks, from the date of its publication to that of our Number; but, although we adopt every means to discover novelties, some omissions may take place, in spite of our industry; we, therefore, repeat the wish, that Authors would themselves take charge of the early delivery of copies of their works at our Publishers'; and, in every case, if desired, they shall be returned with exactness.

On the publication of the 12th Number, we shall introduce copious Indexes for the Year. The Volume will thus be a complete Register of the Literature of the pre

vious twelve Months, and form an invaluable present to friends abroad.

The continued demand for the first five Numbers proves the estimation in which this work is held, und stimulates the best exertions of the Conductors to merit the liberal patronage with which they have been and continue to be honoured.

The Editors have to apologize for the inadvertent admission into the present Number of the Memoirs of BRASBRIDGE and EARLE, which they have found are some months old; but they were misled by the advertisements in the newspapers.ge

In the present Number, at page 487, line 42, for other nations, read other authors.

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