...buttresses, secured in this way, serve as piers for vertical cylindrical arches, which form the facing and support the pressure of the earth between the buttresses....blocks of stone do not offer this security, they must Kits. 153 — Cross section of a road in steep side-forming. A, filling. I !, sastaining-wall of filling....

...This method is insecure, and no pains therefore should be spared to give the embankment a good footmg on the natural surface upon which it rests, particularly...security, they must Fig. 153— Cross section of a road in stecr side-forming. A, tilling. li. sustaming-wall of filling. C, breast-wall of cutting. D, parapet-...

...they made with the natural slope To protect the side slopes more effectually, they should be sod ded, or sown in grass seed ; and the surface-water of the...security, they must Fig. 153— Cross section of a road in steep side-forming. A, tilling. I!. sustaining-wall of filling. C, breast-wall of cutting. D, parapet-...

...upon . which it rests, particularly at the foot of the slope. For this purpose the natural surface should be cut into steps, or offsets, and the foot...blocks of stone do not offer this security, they must be laid in mortar, and hydraulic mortar is the only kind which will form a safe construction. The wall...

...buttressing it against a low stone wall, or a small terrace of carefully rammed earth. In side formings along a natural surface of great inclination, the...blocks of stone do not offer this security, they must be laid in mortar, and hydraulic mortar is the only kind which will form a safe construction. The wall...

...the natural surface (Fig. 152) should be cut into steps, or offsets, and the foot of the slope b« secured by buttressing it against a low stone wall,...blocks of stone do not offer this security, they must s. 153— Cross section of a road in ateej, side-forming. A, iilliui'. B, 6u8tamin9-waU of filling....

...the excavations and embankments. These walls may be made simply of dry stone, when the stone can bo procured in blocks of sufficient size to render this...blocks of stone do not offer this security, they must be laid in mortar, and hydraulic mortar is the only kind which will form a safe construction. The wall...

...outward. The foot .-f the slopes ahivaU be secured by buttressing them either by a low stone wall, oI by forming a slight excavation for the same purpose....blocks of stone do not offer this security, they must 1'iL'. 153 — Crow section of a road side-forming. A, tilling. I-, Motai'nnt: \v;t!l of filling. C,...

...road-surface is formed partly by excavating and partly by embanking out, the usual and most simple snethod is to extend out the embankment gradually along the...of stone do not offer this security, they must Fig. 153—Cross section of a road in steep side-forming. B, sustaining-wall of filling. A, filling. C,...

...slope. For this purpose the natural surface (Fig. 222) should be cut into steps, or offpig, m sets, and the foot of the slope be secured by buttressing...blocks of stone do not offer this security, they must be laid in mortar (Fig. 223), and hydraulic mortar is the only kind which will form a safe construction....