There are few manufactures, except in the domestic way, and such articles as are constantly in demand by the wants of the settlers, as manufactures of leather, hats, soap, candles, &c. In 1810, the manufactures were estimated at $37,000, and in 1820, the number of persons engaged in them amounted to 196, mechanics of course being included.

In consequence of the great extent of navigation in this country, the commerce is extensive in proportion to the population. Detroit and Mackinac are both ports of entry, and have a direct export trade, which, in consequence of the inland situation, is but limited; but the trade upon the lakes is very extensive. The number of persons engaged in commerce, in 1820, was 392; and the value of foreign exports, in 1821, was $53,290.

Chief Towns.-DETROIT is the seat of government of the territory, and the largest town in it. It is handsomely situated on a bend of Detroit River, four miles from Lake St. Clair; and 18 from Lake Erie. It is a healthy trading place, with flourishing back settlements, and has considerable shipping for the navigation of the lakes. Several steam boats run between it and Buffalo, which is of great consequence to Detroit. The population, in 1820, was 1422, of whom 22 were engaged in agriculture, 34 in manufactures, and 32 in commerce. This is the account given by the census; but it is presumed there must be some error. In a commercial town containing 1422 inhabitants, the number of persons actively employed must far exceed 88.

Michillimackinac, pronounced Mackinaw, and now frequently written Mackiniac, is situated on an island in the Straits of Mackinac, between Lake Huron and Lake Michigan. The village stands on the south side of the island, which is about nine miles in circumference, and behind

there is a rising ground on which the fort is erected, which affords a beautiful view of the lakes and adjacent country. The population of the village is not given separately in the census, but the county, which includes the island and the settlements in its neighbourhood, contains 819 inhabitants; and this being one of the most remote settlements of the United States, it may be interesting to state the particulars. There are in the settlement 620 males, 154 females, and five free blacks; and 34 are engaged in agriculture, 244 in manufactures, and 11 in commerce.

Mount Clemens is situated on the north side of Huron River, seven miles from its outlet into Lake St. Clair. Brownstown is situated near the outlet of Detroit River into Lake Erie.

Monroe is situated on the south side of the River Raisin, 4 miles from Lake Erie.

Lawrenceville is situated on the west side of Maumee Bay, near the northern boundary of Ohio.

Frenchtown is situated on the River Raisin, a few miles above Monroe.

The New Settlement is situated on Saganaw River near the bay; and Fort Gratiot is a military post at the outlet of Lake Huron.

Many new towns and settlements have started up within a few months past (1826) that are not enumerated; and a new and tolerably correct map of that STATE has been published.

Roads, Canals, and Improvements.-The navigation afforded by the lakes and rivers is elegant, and great improvements may be made in process of time on the inland navigation. The roads are but indifferent as yet, but there is a fund provided from the sales of public lands, The tide of emigrants

and improvements are going on.

from the east has recently settled this country with great

rapidity, and the public lands being paid for in cash at $1.25 an acre, the people are not in debt as in other states, and the opening of the Erie and Ohio canals has caused a flourishing state of things, which it is hoped will cause the country to increase.

Government.-Similar to Arkansas. The legislative power is vested in the governor and judges of the supreme court, who are nominated by the president, and appointed by the senate of the United States. The executive power is vested in the governor; and the judiciary power is vested in three judges and such magistrates as the governor may appoint.

Education and Manners.-The original French settlers paid very little attention to education; but great improvements have been made in the cultivation of the mind under the free institutions of the United States. A corporate body, styled the "University of Michigan," has been formed similar to that of New-York and Georgia, which has power to institute colleges, academies, and public schools; and considerable progress has been made in education generally. A disposition to establish schools, and to read useful books and the public papers has become general, and the manners of the people are rapidly improving. Three newspapers are now published, two at Detroit and one at Monroe.

Boundaries.-On the north and west, Alabama and Georgia; east, the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Florida; south and south-west, the Gulf of Mexico.

Face of the Country.-Florida is generally low, sandy, and interspersed with swamps, some of them of great extent. The whole of the northern part is low and generally sandy; a ridge of limestone rocks rises in the central part, west of St. Augustine, and runs to the southward, constituting the dividing ridge between the waters to near the head of St. John's River, where it terminates; but it rises again toward the southern extremity, which is limestone.

Rivers.-St. John's rises in the central part, about 100 miles from the southern extremity, and runs in a north by west course to beyond St. Augustine, where it bends eastward to the Atlantic Ocean, into which it falls, 30 miles north of St. Augustine. From recent observations it appears that the river makes a considerable bend to the eastward, about the middle of the territory, and approaches within 10 miles of the ocean, near Cape Canaveral. There are a number of lakes upon it, the chief of which is Lake George, about 100 miles from the ocean. The river is about two miles broad at the outlet, on which there is a bar with nine feet water at low tide, and vessels which can pass the bar can navigate the river to Lake George. The whole length of the river is by comparative course about 350 miles.

Charlotte River falls into Charlotte Bay, on the west side of the peninsula.

Hillsborough River falls into Hillsborough, or Espiritu Santo Bay; which affords an excellent harbour.

Suwaney River rises in Georgia, by several branches, which unite in this state about 15 miles below the northern boundary, and runs a south-east course of about 60 miles; it then turns south-west and falls into the Gulf of Mexico, about 100 miles west-south-west of St. Augustine. This river approaches within 60 miles of St. John's

River, and the connecting streams unite within a few miles; ; so that in process of time we may expect the two rivers to be connected by canal navigation. In the mean time it is proposed to have a road between the nearest navigable points of the two rivers.

St. Mark's River rises in Georgia, and running a southwardly course through Florida, it falls into the gulf in Appalachee Bay.

Okelockonne River rises in Georgia, and runs a southwest course into West Florida, approaching at its western extremity, within 20 miles of Appalachicola River. It then turns south-east and falls into Appalachee Bay, 17 miles west of St. Mark's.

Appalachicola River was described in the general view. The Rio del Almirante and Connecuh River both rise in Georgia, and fall into Pensacola Bay, above Pensacola. Perdido River is the western boundary of the territory. Geological Formation.-With the exception of the secondary limestone ridge before mentioned, the whole country is alluvial. The limestone ridge is elevated above the level of the sea from 200 to 300 feet, the rest of the country is all level.

Soil and Natural Productions.-These are very similar to those of the south-east part of Georgia. The greater part of the soil is sandy, and covered with pine trees. On the margin of the rivers, creeks, and lakes, and in the swamps, the soil is of the first quality, producing white and red oak, white and red cedar, sassafras, walnut, cabbage tree, magnolias, cypress, &c. There are such quantities and such a great variety of evergreens and flowering shrubbery, that the circumstance gave rise to the name of Florida. The wild animals are abundant ; hares, rabbits, squirrels, racoons, foxes, &c. and there