middle of the river St. Croix, from its mouth in the Bay of Fundy to its source, and from its source directly north to the aforesaid Highlands which divide the rivers that fall into the Atlantic Ocean from those which fall into the river St. Lawrence; comprehending all islands within twenty leagues of any part of the shores of the United States, and lying between lines to be drawn due east from the points where the aforesaid boundaries between Nova Scotia on the one part and East Florida on the other, shall respectively touch the Bay of Fundy and the Atlantic Ocean; excepting such islands as now are, or heretofore have been, within the limits of the said province of Nova Scotia."

As the line designated by the foregoing article had never been surveyed, and certain doubts had arisen regarding the construction of some parts of the treaty, it was agreed by the treaty of Ghent to appoint commissioners to have the surveys made, and to decide on the disputed points; and in the event of their differing in opinion it was agreed to refer the matter to some friendly sovereign.*

From the Lake of the Woods westward, the line has been agreed upon by treaty as follows. "It is agreed that a line drawn from the most north-western point of the Lake of the Woods along the 49th parallel of north latitude, or, if the said point shall not be in the 49th parallel of north latitude, then that a line drawn from the said point due north or south, as the case may be, until the said

*The commissioners under the treaty have agreed on all the points except a few, principally as to the boundary between Maine and Lower Canada, and these points are referred to the decision of the Emperor of Russia.

line shall intersect the said parallel of north latitude, and from the point of such intersection due west along and with the said parallel, shall be the line of demarkation between the territories of the United States and those of his Britannic majesty, and that the said line shall form the northern boundary of the said territories of the United States, and the southern boundary of the territories of his Britannic majesty, from the Lake of the Woods to the Stony Mountains."

"It is agreed that any country that may be claimed by either party on the north-west coast of America, westward of the Stony Mountains, shall, together with its harbours, bays, and creeks, and the navigation of all rivers within the same, be free and open for the term of ten years from the date of the signature of the present convention, to the vessels, citizens, and subjects, of the two powers: it being well understood that this agreement is not to be construed to the prejudice of any claim which either of the two high contracting parties may have to any part of the said country, nor shall it be taken to affect the claims of any other power or state to any part of the said country; the only object of the high contracting parties, in that respect, being to prevent disputes and differences among themselves."

The boundary line between the United States and the Spanish possessions was fixed by the treaty between this country and Spain as follows:

"The boundary line between the two countries, west of the Mississippi, shall begin on the Gulf of Mexico, at the mouth of the river Sabine, in the sea, continuing north along the western bank of that river, to the 32d degree of latitude, by a line drawn due north, to the degree of latitude where it strikes the Rio Roxo of Natchitoches, or

Red river; then following the course of the Rio Roxo westward, to the degree of longitude 100 west from London and 23 from Washington; then crossing the said Red river, and running thence by a line due north, to the river Arkansas; thence following the course of the southern bank of the Arkansas to its source, in latitude 42° north; and thence by that parallel of latitude to the South sea. The whole being as laid down in Melish's map of the United States, published in Philadelphia, improved to the 1st of January, 1818. But if the source of the Arkansas river shall fall north or south of latitude 42°, then the line shall run from the said source due south or north, as the case may be, till it meets the said parallel of latitude 42°, and thence along the said parallel to the South Sea. All the islands in the Sabine, and the said Red and Arkansas rivers, throughout the course thus described, to belong to the United States; but the use of the waters and navigation of the Sabine to the sea, and of the said rivers Roxo and Arkansas, throughout the extent of the said boundary, on their respective banks, shall be common to the respective inhabitants of both nations."

The Gulf of Mexico is the southern boundary of the United States; and Florida, by the aforesaid treaty, has been ceded in full sovereignty to the United States.

On the east, the boundary is the Atlantic ocean, comprehending all islands within twenty leagues of any part of the shores of the United States."

The whole of these boundary lines being accurately laid down on this map, can be easily traced; and within the limits which they prescribe we see the states of Maine, New-Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New-York, New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Caroli

na, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri, with the territories of Michigan, North-West, Missouri, Arkansas, and Florida; and the District of Columbia, which last is situated between the states of Maryland and Virginia, and is the seat of the general government of the United States.

To the north we have a view of the whole of the British possessions in that quarter, comprehending Newfoundland, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward's Island, Anticosti, Labrador, Lower Canada, Upper Canada, and an extensive range of country to the westward, extending to the Pacific Ocean. Russia claims the north-west coast from the parallel of fifty-one degrees northward.

On the south-west are the Spanish internal provinces, consisting of Texas, New Santander, New Leon, Cohauilla, New Biscay, New Mexico, Senora, Sinoloa, and California. To the south of these the very important countries of Mexico and Yucatan, with part of Guatimala, and to the eastward the principal West India Islands. The whole of the West India Islands are shown in a supplement, which also gives a view of the whole of Guatimala, with the Isthmus of Darien, and the northern part of South America.

In constructing the map, recourse was had to the following materials:

For the United States.-The various state maps from actual survey, so far as these surveys have extended, with compilations of others from the best materials extant. The territories were principally executed from the surveys of the public lands in the United States' land office, and other authentic materials in the public offices at Washington.

Extensive use was also made of Lewis and Clark's and Pike's travels for information as to the Mississippi and Missouri rivers and their waters.

The British possessions were delineated from the latest and best materials which could be procured, particularly Smith's and Fadyon's maps of Upper Canada, and Holland's map of Lower Canada, together with Arrowsmith's general maps, and Lawrie and Whittle's map of Cabotia; and improvements have been made from Bouchette's map of Canada.

For the Spanish possessions.-Humbold's very excellent maps were taken as the basis, and some of the details, particularly in the upper part, were furnished from Pike's travels. Improvements have been made from late Spanish charts, and other documents.

The western coast and California were chiefly delineated from the valuable charts of Vancouver, and some of the details, particularly about the bay of St. Francisco, were procured from Langsdorff's voyages and travels.

Since the first edition of the map was published, great and valuable additions have been made to the geography of the western world. In particular new maps have been published of Maine, New-Hampshire, New-York, Connecticut, Vermont, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Tennesse, Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois, and very material additions have been made to the geography of the other states and territories. Ample use has been made of the whole in improving this edition of the map of the United States; and it has been further improved by much valuable information regarding the roads of the United States, received through the medium of the Traveller's Directory, published by the author. Besides the maps

that have been published of the several states, the author