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8. At Stockbridge, near Edinburgh, Mr Andrew Howden, Lawhead, to Agnes, younger daughter of the late Mr Alexander Sawers, Hallhill.

11. At Edinburgh, Mr John Finlayson, student of divinity, to Christina, daughter of the late reverend John Hoyes, minister at Kinloss.

-At the parish church, Leeds, Thomas Kinnear, Esq. eldest son of George Kinnear, Esq. banker, Edinburgh, to Susannah, third daughter of Benjamin Gott, Esq. of Armley House.

At St George's church, Hanover-square, London, the most noble George, Marquis of Blandford, to the right honourable Lady Jane Stewart, eldest daughter of the Earl of Galloway.

-The reverend Thomas Easton of Kerrymuir, to Janet, only daughter of Mr Cruickshanks, supervisor of Excise.

12. At St Andrew's, Sir David Moncreiffe of Moncreiffe, Bart. to Miss Helen Mackay, daughter of the late Eneas Mackay, Esq. of Scotston.

-In St Paul's chapel, Edinburgh, LieutenantColonel George M'Konochie, in the service of the Honourable East India Company, on the Bombay establishment, to Miss Isabella Alison, youngest daughter of the late James Alison, Esq. of the royal navy.

14. At London, Lieutenant-colonel Charles Tryon, of the 88th regiment, to Miss Sheridan, daughter of the late J. Sheridan, Esq.

16. Richard Paterson, Esq. of Woburn-place, Russell-square, London, to Caroline Frances, youngest daughter of the late Robert Cattley, Esq. of Wandsworth Common and Lime-street.

-Lieutenant Alexander Quarrier, Royal Scots, to Miss Ann Auriol, daughter of the late Dr Robert Lawson, Edinburgh.

18. At Edinburgh, Dr Charles Stewart of Dunearn, to Miss Margaret Parlane, youngest daughter of the late Alexander Parlane, Esq. surgeon in Glasgow.

21. At Edinburgh, Lieutenant G. G. Monro, -42d regiment, to Mary, eldest daughter of Captain Kingdom, 94th regiment.

DEATHS.

Feb. 19, 1818. On board the Thomas Coutts East Indiaman, on the passage to Bombay, Crauford Swinton, son of Mr Swinton, merchant in Grange

mouth.

At Calcutta, in May last, Lieutenant Cathcart Taylor, 53d regiment, youngest son of the late Colonel Cathcart Taylor, 3d dragoons.

May 13. At Jaulnah, Lieutenant John Stodart, 3d regiment native infantry, Madras establishment.

July 18. At Samarang, in the island of Java, near Batavia, Mr William Robertson, second mate of the ship Commerce of Liverpool, and eldest son of the late Mr James Robertson, spirit dealer, Chessel's Court, Canongate. He had gone into the sea to bathe on the evening of the 18th July, when unfortunately a shark got hold of him, and tore all the flesh of his left thigh, in consequence of which he died in a few minutes thereafter.

Nov. 13. At his house in Red Lion square, London, after a long and painful illness, George Sandeman, M.D. in the 72d year of his age.

-18. At Trinity estate, St Mary's, Jamaica, Mr Charles Oman, eldest son of Mr Charles, Oman, West Register-tsreet, Edinburgh.

19. Suddenly at his house in Crail, Mr James M Min, school-master, aged 69, the benefit of whose superior talents has long been experienced in Crail, where he has taught the principal school for forty years.

25. At his seat in Union, South Carolina, George P. B. Hasell, Esq. M.D.

29. At Paris, Mr Hayter. This reverend and learned gentlemen died suddenly. He had been at church in the afternoon, and returned home quite as well as usual; he went to bed, was seized with apoplexy, and expired almost instantly. He had been employed by the Prince Regent for many years in unrolling and deciphering the manuscripts found at Herculaneum. For this purpose he went to Naples in the year 1800, and remained many years in Italy. He was an excellent Greek scholar, and the manner in which he supplied the parts of words, or sentences, that were totally destroyed in the manuscripts, was very ingenious, and evinced great skill and ability.

Dec. 8. At Stanwix, near Carlisle, aged 83, Mary, the wife of Mr John Carruthers. This woman

bore ten children at four births, namely, four, three, two, and one.

12. At his mother's house, George Thompson, Esq.

15. At Edinburgh, after four days' illness of a scarlet fever, Alithea Roddom Eliza, wife to Captain Bunworth, 88th regiment, and sister to the late Commodore Sir James Lucas Yeo, R. N.

18. At his house, No 5, Murray-street, Edinburgh, in the 60th year of his age, Mr William Sinclair, father of Mr Sinclair of Covent-Garden,

Theatre.

-At Auchtermuchty, the Rev. John Fraser, late minister of the Associate Burgher Congregation in that place, in the 74th year of his age, and 51st of his ministry.

19. At Woodhouse, parish of Manor, Mrs Ballantine of Sunyacres, in her 99th year. She has left alive 6 children, 27 grandchildren, 44 great grandchildren, and has buried 1 child, 20 grandehildren, and 4 great grandchildren. The number of her remaining descendants is 77, and, including the deceased, amounts to not less than 102.

20. At Hastings, Mrs Montgomery of Irvine. - Of an apoplectic fit, the Marquis de Perigon, Peer and Marshal of France, &c.

21. At Stirling, Mr Patrick Murray Tovey. -Mary Harrison, aged 108 years. She had lived, as nurse, in Mr Madea's family, at Bacins, in Lancashire, upwards of 95 years.

22. At Kew, Surrey, aged 84, Mrs Popham, relict of the late Joseph Popham, Esq. father of Lieutenant-General and of Rear-Admiral Sir Home

Popham.

At Bathgate, Mrs Isabella, Wardlaw, relict of the late Thomas Mair, Esq. of Pottieshaw. 24. At Polmont Park, Mrs Spiers, relict of Alexander Spiers, Esq. of Eldersly.

-At Nagpore, from excessive fatigue, Major C. Addison, of the honourable East India Company's 2d regiment N. I. Madras presidency.

-At Sherborne, aged 46, Mr James Crutwell, proprietor of the Dorchester and Sherborne Journal. At Anstruther, Mr John Roger, merchant there. 25. At Comrie, Mr Peter Comrie, surgeon in Comrie, much regretted.

At Abden, Mrs Sibbald of Abden.

Margaret Young, wife of Mr John Robertson, teacher, Burntsfield Links, Edinburgh.

-At Plymouth, Mrs Francis Fullertina Craw, daughter of the late John Craw, Esq. of Gladshot, writer in Haddington, and wife of Lieutenant Henry Spry, royal marines.

26. At Edinburgh, Bain Whyte, Esq. W.S. deeply and justly regretted.

-At Edinburgh, Mr Charles Scott, late tanner there, aged 77.

27. At Mound-place, Edinburgh, in the 80th year of her age, Mrs Margaret Duncan, relict of the late Mr William Tait, merchant in Glasgow, and sister to the late Admiral Viscount Lord Duncan.

At London, Daniel Lovell, Esq. proprietor and editor of the Statesman Newspaper. 28. At Carron-bank, Dumfries-shire, Mr John Gracif.

- At Edinburgh, William Scott, teacher of dancing.

-At Haddington, Mr James Grieve, a young man of promising abilities, and of a mild and amiable disposition.

-At Glasgow, Elizabeth, daughter of the deceased George Buchanan, Jun. Esq. late one of the magistrates of Glasgow.

29. At his country seat, near Paris, in the 32d year of his age, Adrian Hope, Esq. second son of the late John Hope, Esq. of Hartley-street, formerly of Amsterdam.

30. At Raeburn-place, Edinburgh, Neil, third son of Mr Alexander Somerville.

31. At Corstorphine, Mr Thomas Cuddie, postmaster there.

Jan. 1. At Kildblaan, in the parish of Southend, Argyleshire, Grace Watson, at the advanced age of 103 years. She was only once married, and was the mother of 13 children.

-At Edinburgh, John Brown, Esq. of Prathouse, W. S.

At Dumfries, at an advanced age, William Martin, Esq. of Highlaw.

2. At Bath, Dame Sarah Gordon, relict of the late Sir William Gordon of Embo, Bart.

-At his house, 42, George's-square, James Home of Linhouse, Esq. W.S.

-At Edinburgh, Miss Elizabeth Montagu Home, third daughter of Mr David Home of Homefield, in the county of Berwick.

3. At Seafield, Mrs Elizabeth Lett, in the 108th year of her age. Out of 56 children and grandchildren, deceased was present at the birth of 40.

-Frances, third daughter of William Keir, Esq. St John-street, Canongate, Edinburgh.

-At Hamilton, after a short illness, Mr Hugh Fallow, late quartermaster in the 2d or Queen's Dragoon Guards.

4. At London, Mrs Hamilton Ann Hathorn Stewart, widow of the late Dr William Cunninghame, physician at Bristol.

At Strokestown-house, county of Roscommon, in the 81st year of his age, the Right Honourable Maurice, Lord Baron Hartland.

-At Musselburgh, after a short illnesss, Margaret, eldest daughter of the Rev. Alexander Black, aged 19.

At No 52, Bristo Street, Edinburgh, Miss Helen Somerville, aged 83.

5. At Dumfries, Mr Robert Threshie of Bloom. field.

At Kilmarnock, after a short illness, George Rutherford, Esq. cashier, and one of the partners of the Kilmarnock bank.

-At Edinburgh, in the 28th year of her age, Mrs Catherine Rachel Dove, wife of James Dove, Esq. and daughter of Archibald Douglas, Esq. of Adderstone, in the county of Roxburgh.

-At Edinburgh, Miss Mary Patoun, daughter of the late Francis Patoun, Esq.

-At Palmerston, near Dumfries, Mr Megget, aged 80.-He breakfasted with his family in his usual good health, and in two hours was a corpse.

6. At her house, Castle-street, Edinburgh, the honourable Miss Henrietta Napier, daughter of the late William Lord Napier.

-At Gilmour-place, Jane, third daughter of John Hamilton, Esq. deputy-receiver-general of the Customs.

7. At Brae of Fordie, Perthshire, Catherine MacCallum, spouse of the late Duncan Campbell, farmer there.

-Archibald Alison, son of Mr Nathaniel Grant, New Street, Edinburgh.

8. At Edinburgh, Mr David Guthrie, printer. 9. In consequence of a determination of blood towards the head, which produced violent derangement, and baffled the medical art, Mr Tokely, a celebrated actor on the metropolitan boards.

-At Colzium, Grace, eldest daughter of James Davidson, Esq. W. S.

10. At Glasgow, Marion, eldest daughter of James Reddie, Esq. advocate.

-At her father's house, Abercromby-place, Edinburgh, Anne Maria Mair, daughter of Colonel Mair, deputy-governor of Fort-George.

12. At Edinburgh, Mr James M'Culloch, of the Royal Hotel.

At Edinburgh, Mary Clementine, youngest daughter of William Colville Learmouth, Esq.

13. At Edinburgh, Mrs Charlotte Watson, wife of Mr Allan Grant, Messenger at Arms.

-At his apartments in Somerstown, after a ling. ering illness, which confined him to his bed, Dr John Walcot, so well known to the literary world under the name of "Peter Pindar," in the 81st year of his age.

-At Perth, Robert Marshall, Esq.

-At Duddingstone-Manse, Mary Helen, youngest daughter of the Rev. John Thomson.

14. At his house, Warriston-crescent, Canonmills, George Forsyth, Esq. master, royal navy.

At Jedburgh, in the 69th year of her age, Mrs Betty Home, wife of James Murray, Esq. second daughter of the Honourable George Home, and grand-daughter of Charles, Earl of Home.

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At West Maitland-street, William Jane, youngest daughter of the late William Robertson, Esq. of Demerare.

15. At Edinburgh, Mr Isaac Salter, late brewer. At Melbury House, Dorsetshire, the Countess of Ilchester.

-At Edinburgh, the infant daughter of Mrs Cochran, 21, St James's-street.

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21. At Rockvale, Toryburn, Walter Turnbull, Esq. late of the island of Jamaica.

23. At his house in Warren-street, Fitzroysquare, London, Colonel James Robertson, of the late Royal Westminster Volunteers.

Lately-At Laurieston, near Edinburgh, in the flower of his age, Mr Robert Bishop, compositor. He transcribed for the press the whole of the po pular novels, "Tales of my Landlord," &c. which have of late years created so much speculation in Scotland, as well as in England, Ireland, and the United States of America.

At Paris, the Count de Beaucharnois, formerly a senator, father of the Grand Duchess of Badin, and cousin to the Empress Josephine.

At his seat, Ballyornon, county of Wicklow, Charles William Quinn, Esq. for 30 years physiciangeneral to his Majesty's forces in Ireland.

At Aberdeen, Dr Yeats. He was a young gen tleman preparing to go to the East Indies; but in the mean time, took an active part in assisting the poor labouring under typhus fever, which he caught.

At the Kentish Town assembly rooms, where he was conveyed, being taken suddenly ill on his way from Hatton-garden police office, Thomas Leach, Esq. one of the magistrates of that office for near 20 years. His death was occasioned by a cold palsy. Of an apoplexy, at Hinton St George, Somerset, the right honourable Earl Paulet, in his 63d year. At No 9, Buccleuch-street, Edinburgh, Captain Alexander M'Intyre.

In the East Indies, Brigadier-general Phip D'Auvergne, of the 26th regt. of native infantry.

Sir Philip Francis, K.B. He was born in Dub lin, on the 22d October, 1740, old style. Dr FIRDcis, the translator of Horace, was his father. Sir Philip originally possessed a situation in the War Oflice, and afterwards went to India, where his talents raised him to a distinguished situation. It was his misfortune to differ with the late Mr Hastings, while in that country, and to engage in a duel with that gentleman. Sir Philip was a menber of the House of Commons in several Parlia ments, and received his baronetage during the administration of Lord Grenville and Mr Fox. No man, who, like him, was for half a century perpe tually in the press, was ever so little known by the public at large. Scarcely a year elapsed, even after he had passed the age allotted to him, without a production from his pen; and he was known, and perhaps only known, in political circles, as the ablest pamphlet writer of the age. A MS. of an historical character, relating to the persons and personages who have figured in the present reign, occupied his care and attention to the latest period. Whenever it appears, it will be found marked by many of the characteristics which so distinguish the best delineations of Tacitus. The works of Sir Philip resemble, in one particular, those of Lord Bacon, of whom it was said, that "no man cram med so much meaning into so few words. In a book, lately published, the letters of Junius have been ascribed to him, but we avoid giving any op nion on the question of Junius. Of the work cotitled "Junius Identified," a very learned judge observed" If there is any dependence on the law of presumptive evidence, the case is made out." The article on this subject in the Edinburgh Re view seemed to put the question at rest in the of firmative, as it did the work of the ingenious de coverer, and all further public debate about the matter. It was an ænigma found out, and all in terest had ceased. Whether the conclusion come to be right or wrong, will, in all probability, be decided by documents which personal motives may now no longer operate to conceal

Oliver & Boyd, Printers:

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WILLIAM BLACKWOOD, NO 17, PRINCE'S STREET, EDINBURGH;

AND T. CADELL AND W. DAVIES, STRAND, LONDON;

To whom Communications (post paid) may be addressed;

SOLD ALSO BY ALL THE BOOKSELLERS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM.

[OLIVER & BOYD, Printers.]

BLACKWOOD'S

EDINBURGH MAGAZINE.

No XXIV.

MARCH 1819.

VOL. IV.

ON THE STATE OF LEARNING IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

LEARNING, in its limited and appropriate sense, is not to be found in America; the business of a scholar is not among the occupations of life; every man of liberal education must have a profession, and, as there are no fellow or scholarships in the colleges, and no exemption from regular professional labours for any portion of the clergy, it is evident there can be no class in society, who have leisure for the cultivation of science and general literature. The professors in the universities form the only body of men of letters, and from them alone could learned works be reasonably expected. But their situation, it will be recollected, is not like that of professors in this country; instead of half or more of the year in vacations, they have but a small portion of it; their duties are more laborious, being divided among a much smaller number; they have no good libraries to consult, and, above all, they are obliged to work through life, to repair the defects of early education. It may be added, in further explanation of the difference between the literary communities of America and of this country, that there, two other classes are nearly wanting, which here furnish no inconsiderable portion of the stock of literature, which are the army and navy. In consequence of thus confining the talents of the country to the circumscribed limits of professional duties, the absurd opinion has arisen of the inferiority of American intellect. It was a French philosopher who made the discovery; and it gratified him VOL. IV.

exceedingly, no doubt, to find that English blood could degenerate. This opinion will appear erroneous, by examining the grounds upon which it is formed. The display of talent always depends upon the situation of the country, in which it is called forth. One state of society demands practical cleverness and business men; another closet speculations, scholars, poets, and artists.

In respect to the first, the Americans are equal to any people whatever, ancient or modern, as is fully proved by their ingenuity in the mechanic arts, their commercial enter prize, their activity in the field, their acuteness at the bar, and their eloquence in the senate. For a certain time, this direction of their powers was not only justifiable, but necessary; they could not cultivate flower gardens, before they had cut down the forests and planted corn fields; nor erect temples to Apollo and the Muses, before they had built habitations for their own shelter. These reasons, however, no longer exist; the country is rich and powerful, and secure both from savage and foreign foes, and necessity cannot now be offered in justification of their neglect of learning; still its continuance may be explained, and the fewness of their contributions to science and literature accounted for, without supposing any deficiency of genius. It was a confession of Socrates, that the charm of knowledge consists in the fame it gives to its possessor; and the same confession would probably be made by every honest man, who has spent his life in the acquisition of it 4 M 2

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