Effect of this on Jefferson's economic attitude. Embarrassments at the opening of the war through lack of equipment. Measures taken secretly to procure this from English traders. Demoralizing result in sanctioning illicit trade with the enemy. Reverses by land attributable to lack of equipment.

Contrast to the War for Independence in the greater prominence of the navy. This due to American shipbuilding. Commands a permanent respect for America as a sea power. New Orleans a parallel to Majuba.

The war works an industrial revolution, as did that for Independence. Supplies must be sought at home. The arrival of the factory system, with its advantages and drawbacks. Demand for sheep, wool, and woolens. Rapid growth of the cotton manufacture; not in the South, but for its advantage. Great improvement in the quality of American cotton, giving American manufacturers an advantage.

Manufactures become permanently the third American interest in both industry and politics. Rise of new cities (Rochester, Fall River, etc.); change in the character of some (Philadelphia, Pittsburg, etc.); decline of others (Salem, Newport, etc.).

Dissatisfaction of the wealthy commercial States in the East. "Blue Light Federalism" and the Hartford Convention constitute the suicide of a great party. New England takes to manufacturing by constraint. Sudden rise

in wages and prices.

English offers of peace show the height of Tory insolence. Rebuked by Wellington.

Neutral Rights tacitly conceded
The question of the Fisheries

in the Treaty of Ghent. postponed, and still unsettled. the Mississippi.

British claims to navigate

LECTURE VI.

1815-1829.

The close of the epoch of semi-democratic government. The absence of party division brings an era of faction worse than party. Disgraceful intrigues of leaders. Ruin of the Civil Service through introducing the four years' limit. The Monroe Doctrine suggested by England for her own ends. John Quincy Adams defeated in trying to make it serve American interests. We hold the wolf, while England shears the sheep. Trade turns rather to Europe than to our American neighbors. This advantages New York and Boston, at the expense of Philadelphia and Baltimore. The construction of the Erie Canal also builds up New York.

Peace again brings industrial disaster. Jefferson and Madison urge their party to counteract English dominance. The tariff of 1816 fails of its purpose, and gives the Sheriff work. The beginning of a division of opinion on the subject. The Tariffs of 1824 and 1828. John Randolph wants to "kick a sheep."

Industrial conditions. Labor still wretched and not respected. (See Mathew Carey's "Letters on the Charities of Philadelphia," 1829.) Labor organizations begin. Strikes treated as "conspiracies in restraint of trade."

The second Bank of the United States (1816-1836) an outgrowth of war experience. Its services to the country, and the perils attending its centralization of monetary power. "Free Trade in Money." (See pamphlet, "The Little Frenchman.") Manufacturers force their way into the credit system, but farmers are still excluded. Religious and moral advance. Lotteries attacked. The Temperance Reformation begun by Lyman Beecher (1826). Benjamin Lundy's Emancipation Societies. End of the union of church and state in Massachusetts and Connecticut. Unitarians go apart. Channing.

Peace reform.

UNIVERSITY EXTENSION LECTURES

SYLLABUS

OF A

COURSE OF SIX LECTURES

ON

THE VICTORIAN POETS

BY

FREDERICK HENRY SYKES, M.A., PH.D.

STAFF LECTURER IN ENGLISH LITERATURE TO THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR THE EXTENSION OF UNIVERSITY TEACHING

The American Society for the Extension of University Teaching

111 South Fifteenth Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

VICTORIAN POETS.

NOTE. The important necessary books are marked *.

The Choice of Poems for Study will furnish readings, subject matter of papers, etc. The final examination of students' associations will be confined to the specified poems.

WORKS OF REFERENCE IN GENERAL.

The general bibliography of the period is: A Guide to the Study of Nineteenth Century Authors,' by L. M. Hodgkins. Boston: Heath & Co. 'Short Courses of Reading,' by C. T. Winchester, Boston: Ginn & Co., is likewise useful.

For all magazine articles refer to 'Poole's Index' and 'The Annual Literary Index.'

The best general treatises are:

E. C. STEDMAN.-'Victorian Poets.' Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. ($2.25.)

AMY SHARP.-'Victorian Poets.' London: Methuen (2s. 6d.) and Scribners ($1); to which may be added:

SAINTSBURY's 'History of Nineteenth Century Literature' and 'Corrected Impressions.'

DOWDEN'S 'Transcripts and Studies,' 'Studies in Literature.' Scribners (each, $2.25).

R. H. HUTTON's 'Literary Essays.'

B. FORMAN'S 'Living Poets.'

WALKER'S 'The Greater Victorian Poets.'

VIDA SCUDDER'S 'Life of the Spirit in the Modern English Poets.' Houghton, Mifflin & Co.

MRS. OLIPHANT'S 'Victorian Age.' London: Percival.

The best anthologies of the period are:

E. C. STEDMAN.-' Victorian Anthology.' Boston: Houghton. ($2.50.) MILES.-The Poets and the Poetry of the Century.' London: Hutchinson. Ten vols.

WARD'S 'English Poets.' Vol. IV. Macmillan. (Student's edition, $1.)

LECTURE I.

TENNYSON.

"In poetry illustrious and consummate: in friendship noble and sincere." -Browning.

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE.

He

ALFRED TENNYSON was born in the little sequestered village of Somersby, Lincolnshire, August 6, 1809. was the fourth of the twelve children of the Rev. George Clayton Tennyson, rector of the village, and Elizabeth, daughter of Stephen Fytche, vicar of the neighboring town of Louth. The Tennyson family were a world to themselves in that remote village, and the early influences telling upon the poet were his prodigious reading, the literary and artistic pursuits of the various members of the family, and intercourse with nature on the Lincolnshire wolds and by the North Sea at Mablethorpe, where the Tennysons spent their summers. Except during four years at school in Louth, Alfred Tennyson remained at home until 1828, when he entered Cambridge as an undergraduate. Alfred and his elder brother had in 1827 seen themselves in print in Poems of Two Brothers,' a little book of no literary merit. At Cambridge, Tennyson devoted himself to poetry rather than to scholarship. Shy and reserved, he managed nevertheless to enjoy the intercourse of the choice spirits among the Oxford undergraduates, such as Alford, Merivale, Trench, Maurice, and especially Arthur Hallam. In 1829 the Chancellor's prize fell to him for a poem on 'Timbuctoo.' In 1830 he was able to publish his first real volume Poems, chiefly Lyrical.' (See 'Claribel,' 'The Poet,' Mariana,' etc.) The same year saw the quixotic expedition of Tennyson and Hallam to Spain to aid the revolutionists. In 1831, on the death of his father, Tennyson

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