standing the Governor's exceptions, become a law. Any bill sent to the Governor and not returned in ten days, Sundays excepted, becomes also a law.

The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, in courts of Oyer and Terminer and General Jail DeI livery, in a court of Common Pleas, Orphan's Court, Register's Court, and a court of Quarter Sessions of the peace for each county, in Justices of the Peace, &c. The state is divided into 16 judicial circuits, over each of which is appointed a President Judge. For the Supreme Court five districts have been formed. The jurisdiction of the Supreme Court extends over the state, and the judges thereof are, by virtue of their offices, justices of Oyer and Terminer and General Jail Delivery, in the several counties. The trial by jury in issues of fact, to remain inviolate. No person who acknowledges the being of a God, and a future state of rewards and punishments, shall, on account of his religious sentiments, be disqualified to hold any office, or place of trust or profit, in this commonwealth.

Q. What is the population of Pennsylvania?

A. The following table exhibits the population of Pennsylvania, according to the late census :

Of these, there are 37,930 free colored people, and 403 slaves.

The population of this state is rapidly increasing. In 1700, the population was 20,000; in 1757, 200,000; 1790,

439,373, including 3,737 slaves; in 1800, 602,545; in 1810, 800,091; in 1820, 1,049,313; in 1830, 1,348,233, and at present, (1836,) not less than 1,600,000.

What are its civil divisions, &c.

A. Pennsylvania is divided into 53 counties. The fol lowing table exhibits at one view, the names of the counties in which they were established, the area in square miles, the population for 1810, 1820, and 1830, and the number of representatives.

a including Monroe; b including Juniata and Union; c including Clearfield; & inluding Cambria; e including Pike; fincluding Jefferson and McKean; g including Tioga.

NOTE. The following alphabetical sketch of each county-its boundaries-townships-streams, surfaces, soil, minerals, &c. &c. has been very carefully collated from the Pennsylvania Gazetteer, from Hazard's Register of Pennsylvania and from other authentic

sources.

What are the boundaries, townships, streams &c. of Adams county?

A. Adams county is one of the southern counties; bounded on the N. by Cumberland, N. E. and E. by York, S. by Frederick county, Maryland W. by Franklin-It is di⚫vided into the following townships, Berwick, Cumberland, Conewago, Hamilton-bar, Hamilton, Huntingdon, Germany, Franklin, Menallen, Mountjoy, Mountpleasant, Latimore, Liberty, Reading, Tyrone, Strabane. The surface is much diversified. The soil is of various qualities, from the worst to the best. There are no navigable streams in the county-there are however some excellent

mill streams, as the Conewago, Marsh creek, Rock creek, Wilalloways, and Piney creek. Population principally Germans and settlers from New Jersey. There are some valuable minerals in this county; particular, iron and copper. Gettysburg is the seat of justice; in 1830, population was 1473. The Theological seminary of the Luthern Church, and the Pennsylvania college, both flourishing institutions are located at this place. Besides these there are other academies and schools. Stores and taverns nu

merous.

Clair, Versailles, The face of this diversified. Though

Q. What are the boundaries, &c. of Alleghany county ? A. Alleghany has Washington county S. and S. W., Beaver N. W.; Butler N.; and Westmoreland E. Length from E. to W. 32 miles, mean breadth 18. It is divided into the following townships, Deer, Elizabeth, Fayette, Findlay, Franklin, Indiana, Mifflin, Moon, Ohio, Pitt, Pine, Plum, Ross, Robinson, St. -it also contains several boroughs. county is in a peculiar manner not traversed by any mountain chain, the hills are high and swelling. The soil is fertile to the highest summits, and in its natural state covered with a very dense forest. But it is the rivers and their variegated banks, which form the true decoration of this fine county; the Alleghany enters from the N. E. and the Monongahela from the S. E., and uniting at Pittsburg, form the Ohio; the latter winding to the N. W. traverses 14 miles of the western part of the county. To the rivers may be added Chartiers and many other creeks, which contribute to drain and fertilize the fine vales which spread over this beautiful country.

In its valleys and along the water courses are ash, sugar-maple, cherry, elm, different species of oak, walnut and wild grapes. It abounds with bituminous coal-this valuable mineral is found near the surface along the Alleghaay and Monongahela rivers. The roads are generally

well improved. Pittsburg, the great Emporium of the west, is the seat of justice, and the incorporated part alone contained a population of 12,568 in 1830 and no doubt that Pittsburg with its suburbs contains no less than 30, 000 souls at present. (See Article Pittsburg.)

Q. What are the boundaries and extent of Armstrong county?

A. Armstrong county is bounded on the north by Clarion creek which divides it from Venango county, E. by Jef ferson, and S. E. by Indiana, S. by Kiskiminitas river which separates it from Westmoreland, and W. by But, ler. Length, 45 miles, mean width, 20 miles. It is divided into the following townships: Alleghany, Buffalo, Clarion, Kittaning, Perry, Plumb creek, Redbank, Toby, Sugarcreek, Wayne, Kiskiminitas. The surface is much variegated with hill and dale, considerably broken and soil diversified-large bodies of it nearly worthless. The timber varies according to the soil,-there is black, red, white and rock oak, chesnut, hickory, ash, walnut, sugar-maple, ́elm, cherry, some pine and cedar, but not abundant. The county is well watered. The Alleghany river divides it into two unequal parts-The principal creeks are, Toby's, Mahoning, Crooked, Cowanshannock, Pine, Piney creek, and Buffalo. Banks of coal are found along Redbank and Mahoning creeks 12 feet thick. Alumine and copperas are found. Iron ore is abundant every where -Lead ore has been discovered. Several turnpike roads pass through this county. Kittaining is the seat of justice, its population in 1830 was 526.

Q. What are the boundaries &c. of Bradford county? A. Bradford county is one of the northern counties, bounded on the N. by N. York, E. by Susquehanna county and S. E. by Luzerne, S. by Lycoming county, and W. by Tioga county. It is divided into the following townships. Albany, Asylum, Athens, Burlington, Canton,