Racemes alternate, linear, dentate; captetragonous, angles Hook. Br. Fl. p. 6. Fl. July, Aug. 4.

3. V. scutellata, Linn. Marsh Speedwell. pedicels divaricated, reflexed in fruit; leaves sule of two flattened orbicular lobes; stem winged. E. Bot. t. 782. E. Fl. v. i. p. 21. Wet places and sides of pools; not very common. Ellesmere Mere; J. E. Bowman, Esq. Oakley Park, near Ludlow; Mr. H. Spare. Pools on the Clee Hills; Rev. T. Salwey. Near Ness; T. C. Eyton, Esq.! Broadmoor, near Hales Owen; Withering. In a bog 1 mile from Shrewsbury, on Wenlock road; Mr. F. Dickinson. Forest of Wyre; Mr. G. Jorden.

Bomere Pool, and Hancott Pool, near Shrewsbury.

Root fibrous, proceeding from the lower joints. Stem trailing, at length erect, weak, tetragonous, the angles winged, smooth. Leaves in pairs, opposite, linear, dentate, semi-amplexicaul. Racemes alternate, axillary, considerably longer than the leaves; pedicels alternate, divaricated, reflexed in fruit, each with a small linear bractea. Flowers flesh-coloured, with darker bluish veins. Calyx monosepalous, 4-cleft, segments lanceolate, acute, shorter than the fruit, each with 4 veins. Capsule of 2 flattened orbicular lobes, wrinkled and veined. Seeds numerous, orbicular, rugged or minutely dotted.

A variety with the whole herbage hairy occurs on some boggy ground north of Bomere Pool, and at the east end of Blackmere.

4. V. Anagallis, Linn.

Water Speedwell. Racemes opposite; leaves lanceolate, serrated; stem erect. E. Bot. t. 781. E. Fl. v. i. p. 21. Hook. Br. Fl. p. 6.

Ditches and watery places; not very common. Fl. July, Aug. 4.

Burway Meadows, near Ludlow; Mr. J. S. Baly! Shotton; Dr. Wilson!
Sutton; Shelton Rough; Uffington, near Shrewsbury.

Root creeping. Stem round, hollow, smooth, erect, very variable in height according to situation. Leaves in pairs, opposite, semi-amplexicaul, lanceolate, coarsely serrated, with 3 principal ribs. Racemes opposite, axillary, considerably longer than the leaves, pedicels alternate, shorter than the linear bracteas, divaricated, never reflexed, occasionally pubescent. Flowers pale blue. Calyx monosepalous, deeply 4-cleft, segments lanceolate, longer than the fruit, single ribbed. Capsule broadly ovate, notched, tipped with the very short style. Seeds numerous, elliptical.

5. V. Beccabunga, Linn. Brooklime. Racemes opposite; leaves elliptical, obtuse, subserrated, glabrous; stem procumbent at the base and rooting. E. Bot. t. 655. E. Fl. v. i. p. 20. Hook. Br.

Fl.

p. 6. Rivulets, ditches, and wet places; very common. Fl. Summer months. 2. Whole plant glabrous and succulent. Stem procumbent, rooting from the lower joints. Leaves opposite, shortly petiolate. Racemes of numerous bright blue flowers, on erect bracteated pedicels. Calyx-segments ovate, acute, 3—5 ribbed. Capsule roundish, tumid, scarcely reticulated. Seeds small, numerous.

6. V. officinalis, Linn. Common Speedwell. Racemes axillary, spicate; leaves elliptical, serrated, rough with pubescence; stem procumbent, very downy; capsule obcordate, truncated, notched. E. Bot. t. 765. E. Fl. v. i. p. 22. Hook. Br. Fl. p. 6.

Abundant in woods and dry hilly pastures.-Fl. May-Aug. 4.
Near Dowles Brook, Wyre Forest; Mr. W. G. Perry. Hawkestone; Mr.

J. S. Baly. Cox Wood, near Coalbrookdale; Mr. F. Dickinson.
Whitecliff Coppice, near Ludlow. Haughmond Hill and Bickley Coppice,
near Shrewsbury.

Stem prostrate, creeping, round, covered, as is the whole herbage, with short, spreading, delicately jointed hairs. Leaves in pairs, opposite, elliptical, pointed, serrated, shortly petiolate, rather rigid, rough on both sides with jointed pubescence. Racemes alternate, axillary, erect; pedicels alternate, very short. Bracteas lanceolate, longer than the pedicels. Flowers light blue with dark streaks. Calyx monosepalous, 4-cleft, segments lanceolate, shorter than the fruit, 3-ribbed, densely covered with jointed glandular hairs. Capsule obcordate, truncate, slightly notched, covered with jointed glandular hairs, crowned with the long persistent style and capitate stigma. Seeds orbicular, flat.

Leaves astringent and bitter, occasionally used as a medicinal tea.

7. V. montana, Linn. Mountain Speedwell. Racemes axillary, alternate, lax, few-flowered; leaves broadly ovate, petiolate, serrated; stem procumbent, hairy all round; capsule compressed, orbicular, two-lobed, notched, edges denticulate, ciliato-glandulose, much larger than the calyx. E. Bot. t. 766. E. Fl. v. i. p. 23. Hook. B. Fl. p. 7.

Moist woods; not common. Fl. May, June. 4.

In a moist woody place near Hord's Park; Purton's Midl. Fl.-Woods about Coalbrookdale, plentifully; Turn. & Dillw. Bot. Guide.--Ashford Coppices near Ludlow; Miss Mc Ghie. Upper Lumhole Pool, near Coalbrookdale; Old Brook Wood, near Coalbrookdale; Mr. F. Dickinson! Forest of Wyre; Mr. G. Jorden.

Whitecliff Coppice near Ludlow. Almond Park and Shelton Wood, near Shrewsbury.

Stems procumbent, creeping, covered all round with short, spreading, jointed, glandular hairs. Leaves in pairs, opposite, broadly ovate, petiolate, serrated, clothed on both sides with jointed hairs, most abundant on the veins. Racemes axillary, alternate, occasionally opposite, few-flowered, hairy; pedicels longer than the linear bracteas. Flowers pale blue. Calyx monosepalous, 4-cleft, segments obovate, acute, with 3 principal veins, margins ciliated with jointed glandulose hairs. Capsule orbicular, compressed, two-lobed, slightly notched, denticulate and ciliatoglandulose at the edges, larger than the calyx, and crowned with the long persistent style.

This species can never be confounded with V. Chamædrys, if attention be directed to the form of the capsule and the pubescence of the stem.

Racemes

8. V. Chamædrys, Linn. Germander Speedwell. axillary, alternate, elongated, many-flowered; leaves cordato-ovate, nearly sessile, inciso-serrate; stem procumbent, bifariously hairy; capsule flat, obcordate, two-lobed, deeply notched, hairy, much smaller than the calyx. E. Bot. t. 623. E. Fl. v. i. p. 23. Hook. Br. Fl. p. 7.

Woods, pastures, and hedge-banks; common. Fl. May, June. 4.

Stem procumbent, creeping, with a line of jointed hairs on its opposite sides, the hairy lines taking different sides above and below each pair of leaves, or decussate. Leaves in pairs, opposite, nearly sessile, cordato-ovate, inciso-serrate, hairy on the under surface, the upper surface smooth, except near the margins. Racemes axillary, alternate, many-flowered, glanduloso-pilose; pedicels erect, glanduloso-pilose, longer than the bracteas. Bracteas ovato-lanceolate, acute,

B

margins and under side ciliato-glandulose. Flowers large and bright blue; segments of the corolla (except the upper one, to which the filaments are attached,) marked with a hairy line immediately above the summit of the tube. Calyx monosepalous, 4-cleft, segments lanceolate, acute, with 3 principal ribs, hairy, margins ciliated. Capsule obcordate, two-lobed, deeply notched, hairy, smaller than the calyx, and crowned with the long style.

*** Flowers axillary, solitary. Root annual.

9. V. hederifolia, Linn. Ivy-leaved Speedwell. Stem procumbent; leaves alternate, petiolate, cordate, with 5-7 lobes; calyx-segments cordate, ciliated; capsule of 2 turgid lobes, seeds 2 in each cell, cupped, transversely wrinkled. E. Bot. t. 784. E. Fl. v. i.

p. 25. Hook. Br. Fl. p. 7.

Corn fields and cultivated ground; very common. Fl. Apr.-June. O. Root fibrous. Stem procumbent, bifariously hairy. Leaves alternate, petiolate, cordate, with 5-7 lobes, the central one largest, pointed, fleshy and minutely dotted, with principal ribs, and a few scattered jointed hairs on both surfaces. Flowers axillary, solitary, pale blue, streaked; peduncles scarcely so long as the leaf, recurved in fruit. Calyx-segments cordate, acute, longer than the fruit, with 3 principal veins, margin ciliated with long jointed hairs. Capsule of two turgid, rounded, glabrous lobes, crowned with the short style. Seeds 2 in each cell, large, oval, gibbous, transversely wrinkled, hollow or cupped on the under side, and peltate.

10. V. agrestis, Linn. Green procumbent Field Speedwell. Stem procumbent; leaves petiolate, cordato-ovate, inciso-serrate, longer than the flower-stalk; calyx-segments oblong, obtuse; capsule of two turgid, keeled, minutely dotted and veined lobes, seeds 6 in each cell. E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2603. E. Fl. v. p. 24. Hook. Br. Fl. p. 8.

Corn fields and cultivated ground; common. Fl. Apr.-Sept. O.

Root fibrous. Stem procumbent, branched and spreading at the base, round, pubescent. Leaves, the lower ones in pairs, opposite, upper ones alternate, all petiolate, cordato-ovate, inciso-serrate, with a few scattered hairs on both surfaces and three principal ribs. Flowers small, bright blue; peduncles scarcely so long as the leaf, recurved in fruit, slightly pubescent. Calyx larger than the fruit, segments oblong, obtuse, with 3 prominent and principal ribs, from whence smaller ones ramify, margins ciliated with jointed hairs, and a few scattered ones on the keel of the principal rib. Capsule of two turgid, keeled, minutely dotted and veined lobes, keels ciliated, crowned with the short style and capitate stigma. Seeds about six in each cell, ovate, transversely wrinkled, cupped and peltate on the under side.

11. V. polita, Fries. Grey procumbent Field Speedwell. Stem procumbent; leaves petiolate, cordato-ovate, inciso-serrate, shorter than the flower-stalk; calyx-segments broadly ovate, acute; capsule of two turgid, keeled, densely pubescent lobes, seeds about 18. V. agrestis E. Bot. t. 783. Hook. Br. Fl. p. 8.

Corn fields and cultivated land with the preceeding; rare. the summer. O.

Fl. throughout

Corn fields near Coalbrookdale; Mr. F. Dickinson.
Cultivated ground near Shrewsbury. -Halford near Craven Arms.

Root fibrous. Stem procumbent, branched and spreading at the base, hairy. Leaves, lowermost opposite, upper ones alternate, all petiolate, cordato-ovate, incisoserrate, hairy on both surfaces, with five principal ribs. Flowers small, bright

blue; peduncles pubescent, longer than the leaves, recurved in fruit. Calyx longer than the fruit, segments broadly ovate, acute, with 3 principal prominent ribs, from whence minor ramifications proceed, margins and keel of the principal rib ciliated with jointed hairs. Capsule of two turgid, keeled lobes, crowned with the very short style and capitate stigma, and covered with a short dense pubescence. Seeds about 18, (10 in one cell and 8 in the other,) ovate, transversely wrinkled, cupped, and peltate on the under side.

V. agrestis, polita, and Buxbaumii are all nearly allied species and similar in general habit and appearance, but may be at once accurately distinguished by their capsules. V. polita differs from V. agrestis in its capsule being covered with a short dense pubescence, that of V. agrestis being minutely dotted and veined, the keel only ciliated; whilst both are distinguished from V. Buxbaumii by the capsule of the latter being obcordate, its breadth nearly double its length, and its lobes divaricated, sharply keeled, smooth and veiny.

3. PINGUICULA. Linn. Butterwort.

1. P. vulgaris, Linn. Common Butterwort. Spur subulatocylindrical, acute, as long as the veinless limb of the corolla, whose segments are very unequal, rounded, even, and all entire; capsule ovate. E. Bot. t. 70. E. Fl. v. i. p. 28. Hook. Br. Fl. p. 9.

Bogs and moist heaths; not very common. Fl. May, June. 24.

Rowley, near Much Wenlock; W. P. Brookes, Esq! Meadow near Walford; T. C. Eyton, Esq! Near Westfelton; J. F. M. Dovaston, Esq. Near Oswestry; Rev. T. Salwey. Bog at Underton, near Bridgnorth; Purton's Mid. Fl. Meadows near Downton Hall, near Ludlow; Mr. H. Spare. In boggy ground at the northeastern base of the Wrekin, but not very plentiful; Edwin Lees, Esq. Bog southwestern side of Wrekin; Mr. F. Dickinson. Clee Hill, Aston, and Vinalls, near Ludlow; Miss Mc Ghie. Oreton Common, plentiful; Mr. G. Jorden. Boggy ground at the base of the Stiperstones Hill.

Root fibrous. Leaves all radical, ovato-oblong, pale green, fleshy, covered with minute raised crystalline points, margins involute. Scapes 3-9 inches high, single-flowered. Calyx-segments oblong, obtuse. Flowers purple, very handsome, drooping; palate covered with white, compactly jointed hairs. Anthers 1-celled, vertical, placed just beneath the large horizontal plate or lobe of the stigma. Style short. Capsule ovate, one-celled, bursting half-way into 2 valves. Seeds numerous, oblong, rough.

The expressed juice of the leaves may be used as a substitute for rennet in the manufacture of cheese.

On the gradual decay of the leaves in autumn, small, round, leafy buds or hybernacula are formed, which survive the winter, and are capable of developing new plants in the spring; a beneficent provision of Nature for the preservation of a tribe of plants which are re-produced but scantily by seed, and which, by reason of the delicate and succulent nature of their herbage, would otherwise be unable to survive the winter's cold in their chilled and marshy habitats.

4. UTRICULARIA. Linn. Bladderwort.

1. U. vulgaris, Linn. Greater Bladderwort. Spur conical, upper lip entire, as long as the projecting palate, reflexed at the sides; leaves pinnato-multifid, bristly. E. Fl. v. i. p. 30. Hook. Br. Fl. p. 18.

Ditches and pools; rare. Fl. June, July. 4.

In a small pond on the Sharpstones, near Sutton; Arthur Aikin, Esq. In a deep ditch on the north margin of Croesmere Mere; J. É. Bowman, Esq! Hancott Pool, near Shrewsbury; Mr. F. Dickinson. Naturalized in a pond in "Fairyland," near Westfelton, by J. F. M. Dovaston, Esq.!

Roots much branched. Shoots or runners long, floating horizontally in the water. Leaves vascular, placed at regular intervals, capillaceo-multifid, bristly at the margin, bearing numerous crested vesicles of a green-purple or pink colour, having an orifice closed by an elastic valve, opening inwards and of much thinner texture than the bladder, to which it is attached where the crest is placed, margin armed with a few long spines. Scape erect. Flowers 6-8, bright yellow, somewhat corymbose, lower lip convex, much larger and broader than the upper one, with a projecting palate closing the mouth. Spur short, deflexed. Filaments curved, thick. Stigma large.

When it becomes necessary for the plant to rise to the surface of the water for the expansion of its blossoms, the vesicles on the leaves, which before contained water, are by some unknown means now filled with air, which, after fecundation, again gives place to the water, and the plant descends to ripen its seeds at the bottom.

2. U. minor, Linn. Lesser Bladderwort. Spur extremely short, obtuse, keeled; upper lip emarginate, as long as the palate; leaves subtripartite, segments linear, dichotomous. E. Bot. t. 254. E. Fl. v. i. p. 31. Hook. Br. Fl. p. 11.

Ditches and pools; rare. Fl. June, July. 4.

Whixall Moss; J. E. Bowman, Esq !-Rev. A. Bloxam.
Ditches on the north side of Bomere Pool.

Roots fibrous. Shoots or runners long, floating. Leaves alternate, subtripartite, segments linear, dichotomous, smooth. Vesicles attached to the leaves. Scape erect, short. Flowers about 3, small, pale yellow; lower lip almost plane, palate scarcely closing the mouth, not projecting beyond the lip. Spur scarcely any.

5. LYCOPUS. Linn. Gipsy-wort.

1. L. Europaus, Linn. Common Gipsy-wort, or Water Horehound. Leaves deeply and irregularly pinnatifido-serrate. E. Bot. t. 1105. E. Fl. v. i. p. 34. Hook. Br. Fl. p. 11.

Ditches and margins of pools and rivers; not uncommon. Fl. June-Aug. 4. Buildwas Park; W. P. Brookes, Esq. Ruckley Wood; Dr. G. Lloyd. Walford; T. C. Eyton, Esq! Near Oswestry; Rev. T. Salwey. Oakley Park, near Ludlow; Mr. H. Spare. Near Ludlow; Miss Mc Ghie. Astley, near Shrewsbury; Mr. E. Elsmere, junr.! White Sitch Pool; Mr. F. Dickinson. Kinlet; Mr. G. Jorden. Canal near Shrewsbury; Berrington, Hancott, and Bomere Pools.

Root creeping. Stem 2 feet high, erect, 4-sided, furrowed, pubescent, chiefly so at the angles. Leaves opposite, nearly sessile, ovato-lanceolate, sinuato-serrate, lower ones almost pinnatifid, upper surface rough with minute glandular points and a few scattered jointed hairs, under surface densely covered with a glandular mealiness, in which probably resides the dye of the plant, ribs copiously clothed with jointed appressed pubescence. Flowers small, sessile, in dense whorls in the axils of the upper leaves, whitish with purple dots, hairy within, and a few scattered hairs and glands on the outside. Calyx monosepalous, hairy, deeply 5-cleft, segments subulate, with a hairy acute keel and a strong nerve on each side, margins with erect teeth. Seeds 4, quadrangular, obtuse, in the bottom of the permanent calyx.

6. SALVIA. Linn. Sage or Clary.*

1. S. Verbenaca, Linn. Wild English Clary or Sage. Lower

* Mr. H. Spare has communicated " Oakley Park, near Ludlow," as the habitat of "Salvia pratensis," Linn., but as that species is one of extremely rare occurrence, and has been too often confounded with the commoner one, S. Verbenaca, I have felt unwilling to insert a description without the examination of specimens from that locality.