five days on board the brig, and notwithstanding that they put the captain of her to great inconvenience he was most kind to them. When they left the steamer she had nearly sunk, and could not float for more than an hour or so at the most. The officers and crew of the 'Oder' have forwarded a Communication expressing their sincere gratitude to the captain of the Norwegian brig 'Andreas,' and those under his command, for the kindness which they experienced during the five days they were compelled to stay on board that vessel. They likewise desire to return thanks to the agents of the Shipwrecked Mariners' Society, and to the superintendent of the Sailors' Home (Mr. Gosby) for the kind treatment which they received during their stay at Weymouth. Just before midnight on the 12th of August, the schooner S. M.C., of Padstow, Cornwall, came into collision with the steamtug Flying Squall,' about three miles below the Island of Cumbrae, and was sunk, the captain and his son and cook being drowned. The mate and two of the crew were saved. the s.s. A serious collision took place 2nd November n the Thames, near the Muckling Light, between Vindomoro' and the Kormloff,' a Russian steamer, which put back into Gravesend in a damaged state. The Vindomoro' was broken in two, and at high water was submerged. Part of the cargo has been saved. The Thames Conservancy Commissioners are dealing with the case. The schooner Wild Wave,' Captain Raw, of Sunderland, from Seaham for London, with a cargo of bottles, was run ashore a short distance below Caister, Yarmouth, on the 19th November, and very speedily became a total wreck. The only help which could be afforded was rendered by means of the rocket apparatus. This was brought to Wild Wave Willing Trade Waterloo § Young England Zealous..... Sunderland 4 16 0 bear on the schooner, but the crew were too much exhausted to avail themselves of it. As the vessel went to pieces three of the men on board managed to get on to a broken mast, and were rescued from among the breakers by the beachmen, aud brought to Yarmouth. A boy named Simon Stamp was also got ashore, and as there were signs of life still in him efforts were made to restore animation, bu without success, and in a short space of time he was dead. The master, who was about sixty years of age, was drowned. The Young England' barque, of Middlesborough, Captain Brown, from the Baltic to London, with deals, encountered the full force of the gale on the 22nd November, and was running for the land, when she struck on the Cockle Sand, near Yarmouth. Preparations were at once made for cutting away the masts, but these arrangements were unnecessary, for a heavy sea did the work quickly and completely. The boat was then got out, and twelve of the crew had got into it when the painter broke, leaving the captain and three men on board. One man was washed overboard and drowned as the boat was being lowered, and the boat itself had no sooner left the vessel than it was capsized, and the crew, with one exception, were drowned. The exception was a young lad, a Corsican, who, being a good swimmer managed to cling to the overturned boat, and was eventually washed ashore at Winterton. barque subsequently broke up into three parts; and on the middle and largest piece the captain and those remaining with him were drifted up and down until rescued by the Caister life-boat. They were landed at the Sailors' Home and forwarded home by the Shipwrecked Mariners' Society; but eleven of the crew, including the chief officer, were drowned. The LOSS OF 159 LIVES.-New York, Nov. 9.-The steamship Pacific,' from Victoria (British Columbia), en route to San Francisco, with 110 passengers and a crew of 50 men, has foundered off Cape Flattery. One survivor, who has arrived at Fort Townsend, states that the ships' boats were swamped and all lives lost. "So He bringeth them unto their desired haven."-Psalm cvii. 30. SAFE-safe for ever!-the voyage all ended-the windy storm and tempest escaped-the port of glory entered the anchor cast on the heavenly shore; and the redeemed from the earth as safe as everlasting love and power and faithfulness can make them! Among the other joys of these landed voyagers will be the joy of contrast. The blessed angels cannot experience this joy, for they have never known what it was to buffet the storm of sin and temptation and trial... But the rest of the glorified will be all the sweeter, by reason of the troubles and tossings which have preceded it. It is said in one place, “There shall be no more sea" (Rev. xxi. 1)—in other words, no more trial or sin. Another chapter does speak of a sea in heaven; but it is undimpled by one wave: "Before the throne there was a sea of glass like unto crystal." (Rev. iv. 6.) "Oh, happy, happy country, where There entereth not a sin! And death, who keeps its portals fair, No grief can change their day to night, FAITH AND WORKS. Two gentlemen were one day crossing the river in a ferry-boat. A dispute about faith and works arose, one saying that good works were of small importance, and that faith was everything; the other asserting the contrary. Not being able to convince each other, the ferryman, an enlightened Christian, asked permission to give his opinion. Consent being granted, he said: “I hold in my hands two oars. That in my right hand I call 'faith,' the other, in my left, 'works.' Now, gentlemen, please to observe, I pull the oar of faith, and pull that alone. See! the boat goes round and round, and the boat makes no progress. I do the same with the oar of works, and with a precisely similar result-no advance. Mark! I pull both together, we go on apace, and in a very few minutes we shall be at our landing-place. So, in my humble opinion," he added, "faith without works, or works without faith, will not suffice. Let there be both, and the haven of eternal rest is sure to be reached." As the flower is before the fruit, so is faith before good works. Faith is the parent of works, and the children will bear a resemblance to the parent. It is not enough that the inward works of a clock are well constructed, and also the dial-plate and hands; the one must act on the other, the works must regulate the movement of the hands.-Archbishop Whately. "The Sailor's Text-Book." Nisbet & Co., London. HE civil affairs of the Navy, from the accession of King Richard II. in 1877 to the death of Henry V. in 1422, nearly half a century, were not marked by any great changes, except that Henry caused larger ships to be built than had ever before formed part of the Royal fleet. Addiogational light is, however, thrown upon nautical affairs in that god period by some interesting, if not important, details. I had No other vessels are mentioned than occur in the time of Edward III., except fare-coasts," a "helibot," a "striff," and a "collett," all of which were no doubt small craft, the fare-coasts being probably coasters, and the helibot" another name for a "hocboat." Carracks and dromons are often spoken of, both of which seem to have been Genoese or Venetian vessels, and came into the English Navy first as mercenaries, and afterwards as prizes. It is said, in the "Libel of English Policy," that Henry V. built "great dromons" at Southampton; but the writer must only have meant very large ships, for dromons" are nowhere stated to have been part of the Royal Navy. od bobulin ode redw yundailed to The carracks were about 500 tons burthen, had two masts, and were very high out of the water; and in a letter informing the King that he .* Abridged from an unfinished History of the Royal Navy, by Sir N. H. Nicholas, Cassell's "History of England," " Battles by Land and Sea," and other sources. F might, if he pleased, have ten or twelve galleys from Barcelona, he was told that two new carracks were building, one of 1,300 "botts," and the other one of 1,000" botts." The usual dimensions of a large ship in the year 1419 are shown by the description of one which was building for the King at Bayonne. This vessel was 108 feet long," from the onemost end of the stern into the post behind." The mast beam was 46 feet, while the beam of the "hameron " before the mast was 39 feet, and the beam of the "hameron" abaft it was 33 feet. The stern was 96 feet, while the [stern?] post was only 48 feet. The keel was 112 feet long. Thirty-six streaks were boarded, and eleven beams had been laid on them; and it is said that the work was so much neglected, that the vessel could not be ready at the time promised, nor probably for four or five years. Other ships were usually of from one to two hundred tons, or "tontights." 66 one large one sail All the technical terms which have been inserted again occur in the naval accounts between 1377 and 1422, with some others. The only instances which have been found of ships having two masts is in the statement of the Monk of St. Denys, that some of the French vessels in the expedition against England in 1386 had two sails; and in the list of the stores of the King's carrack, about 1410, among which were 66 mast" and " one small mast;" but she seems to have had only yard of two pieces," and "one tref with two bonnets," which are the only notices of a yard or sail belonging to her. In every other instance vessels had only one mast, one yard, and one sail. "Polines," or pullies, began to be called "blocks; " the word "rigging" is first used; the mast is said to have been "leered and forlocked; and the terms "capstan spokes," "tacks," and "ropes for knotting the mast," and "old cable called joynk," or junk, occur. Ships were also then, as before, furnished with lanthorns, and "mustard quernes," or mills. Among the new statements are the construction of offices or cabins for the buttery, the pantry, the spicery, the ewery, and the chandlery, "under the hatches" of the ship sent to Brittany to bring the Queen of Henry IV. to England; and of a "cabin" for one of the ships for the Countess of Salisbury, when she attended the Princess Blanch to Dordrecht in 1401. Ships were calfacted," that is, caulked with tow and tallow; and a “calfact” is said to have been made for a ship. A ship had cisterns, and a "pompe" for drawing water. for drawing water. A balinger is stated to have had a "poupe;" and the "forecastle for the minstrels" belonging to the balinger for the King's household was kept in the King's storehouse. 66 Guns, both of brass and iron, gunpowder, and stone and iron shot, are repeatedly mentioned in the reigns of Richard II., Henry IV., and Henry V.; as are "hand-guns," "eight guns with eight chambers," large and small guns, "shot of iron" for the guns, and tompions, which, for the reason before given, seem to have been wads. The "dial" and "sailing-needle are occasionally noticed; but the entries occur so seldom, compared with other articles of sea-stores, as to justify the suggestion that every vessel might not have been supplied with them, and, possibly, only the admiral or leading ship of a squadron or fleet. The Mary of Weymouth,' and a few other ships, had "one dyoll and one seyling-needle;" and the Nicholas' had "j dioll;" but there is reason to suppose that the needle was sometimes called the compass, and that ships had two or more needles; for the Christopher' had "ij compas and j dyoll;" and the Katherine of the Tower' had "j compasse, j dioll." The balinger Gabriel of the Tower' seems, however, to have had an instrument closely resembling the modern compass, namely, "j dioll, jcompasse," and "j boxe." An idea of the splendid manner in which ships were sometimes decorated has been afforded by several extracts from the chroniclers of this period; and the naval accounts contain corroborative entries. In the year 1400, one of the king's barges had her mast painted red, and the vessel was adorned with collars and garters of gold, each collar containing a fleur-de-lis, and each garter a leopard, together with gold "lyames," having. within each of them a white greyhound and a gold collar. The ship called the 'Good Pace of the Tower' was likewise painted red, but her bulwarks, cabin, and stern, were of other colours; and a large gold eagle, with a crown in its mouth, was placed on the bowsprit. The Trinity of the Tower' was also red: four effigies, namely, of St. George, St. Anthony, St. Katherine, and St. Margaret, stood in the stern, together with four shields of the King's arms within a collar of gold, and two with the arms of St. George within the garter. Two large eagles were painted in the cabin on a diapered ground. The King's barge, the Nicholas of the Tower,' represented the badge of the Prince of Wales, and must have had a singular and perhaps a beautiful appearance, as she was painted black, and covered, or to use the original word, "powdered" with white ostrich feathers, the stems and escrols being of gold. In one part of the cabin were large escutcheons with the King's arms and of the arms of St. George; and in another part was an image of St. Christopher. The ship, which was built |