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extended field of operation than in the channels around the North Pole. To restrain this energy and spirit of adventure within prudent limits is impossible. It will find scope for hazard in some quarter, whether it be in ascending Mont Blanc, penetrating the unknown rivers of Africa, Asia, or America, or exploring the interior of Australia. There are some restless spirits that shine out brightest in danger and daring, and the result of much of this research in distant quarters has certainly been beneficial. Many men have attained to distinguished eminence by their courage, perseverance, and enterprise in accomplishing journeys and voyages of great peril, and attended with immense difficulties. None can read the accounts of the various journeys and voyages by land and sea to determine the question of a North West Passage, and the fate of the expedition under Sir John Franklin, without being impressed with admiration for the spirit of heroism which sustained the explorers through so many perils and privations.

In the following pages I have sought merely to furnish a simple digest of the different voyages and travels in the Arctic Regions, ending with that final but satisfactory expedition of Capt. M'Clintock, which informed us of the fate of Sir John Franklin and his ships, an inquiry that had previously baffled all investigation.

That this little work has reached a ninth edition, and met with so large and extended a sale, is to be attributed more to the general, nay universal, interest which has been felt on the subject itself, than to any credit I can assume for the narrative. Long, however, may the story of Arctic discovery be read and pondered over, whether at the fireside of our quiet English homes, at the mess table of our sailors and soldiers, in the shepherd's hut of Australia, or in the log cabin of America; wherever it may be that England's sons read over the detailed record of those bold deeds and adventurous discoverers, they will participate in the noble spirit of those who have lived and died in their country's service, and have just reason to be proud that they too are Englishmen, and participators in the glory, honour, and renown which have been thus achieved by many through great peril and suffering for the "land that bears a world-wide name."

November 24, 1859.

P. L. SIMMONDS.

CONTENTS.

PAGE

1

Captain John Ross's voyage in the Isabella and Alexander

to Hudson's Bay in 1818

Names of officers and men.-Ships visited by the natives of
Greenland.-Abundance of birds on this coast.-Gale of wind.
-Red snow.-Lancaster Sound.-The fabulous Croker moun-
tains. Agnes monument.-Large bear shot.-Return home.

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winter.-Suffering of the Indians.-Party set out for the Polar
Sea.-Examine the coast westward to Point Turnagain.-
Dreadful hardships and sufferings endured on their return
journey from famine and fatigue.-Death of several of the
party. Mr. Hood is murdered by Michel the Iroquois, who
for their mutual safety is killed by Dr. Richardson.-Hunger
and famine endured by the party. Their ultimate relief.

PAGE

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Clavering's Voyage to Spitzbergen and Greenland in the

Griper, 1823

Conveys out Captain Sabine to make observations.-Reach Spitz-
bergen.-Proceed thence to Pendulum Islands.-North-eastern
coast of Greenland surveyed.-Captain Clavering and a party
of nineteen men carry on an exploring expedition for a fort-
night. Meet with a tribe of Esquimaux.-Ship puts to sea.-
Make for the coast of Norway.-Anchor in Drontheim Fiord.
-Observations being completed, ship returns to England.

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95

Captain John Ross's Second Voyage in the Victory, 1829-33 107

Ross seeks official employment from the Admiralty on another

Arctic voyage.-Is refused.-Funds are furnished by Mr. Felix

Booth.-The Victory steamer purchased.-Engages his nephew,

Commander James Ross, as his second in command.-List of

other officers.-Ship encounters a gale, and is obliged to put

into Holsteinborg to refit.-Proceed on their voyage.--Enter

Lancaster Sound and Regent Inlet.-Reach Fury Beach.-

Find abundance of stores there and preserved provisions in

excellent condition.-Replenish their stock.-Proceed down

the inlet.-Perils of the ice.-Vessel secured in Felix Harbour

for the winter.-Esquimaux visit the ship.-Furnish very

correct sketches of the coast.-Commander James Ross makes

many excursions inland and along the bays and inlets.-Ex-

plores Ross's Strait, and pushes on to King William's Land.

-Difficulty of distinguishing land from sea.-Reaches Point

Victory, and turns back.-Ship gets clear of the ice, after

eleven months' imprisonment, but in a week is again frozen in,

and the party are detained during another severe winter.-

Further discoveries made, and Commander Ross plants the

British Flag on the North magnetic pole.-In August, 1831,

the ship is warped out, and makes sail, but after beating about

for a month, is again frozen in, and rather than spend a fourth

winter, there being no prospect of releasing the ship, she is

abandoned, and the crew make for Fury Beach.-Provisions

and boats taken on with great labour.-Party erect a canvas

hut, which they name Somerset House.-In a month, the

boats being prepared for the voyage, the party embark and

reach the mouth of the inlet.-Barrow's Strait is found one

compact mass of ice.-They are obliged to fall back on the

stores at Fury Beach to spend their fourth winter.-Placed

on short allowance. In the spring they again embark in their

boats, and succeed in reaching Lancaster Sound.-Fall in

with whalers. Are received on board the Isabella, Captain

Ross's old ship.-Arrive home.-Public rejoicings for their

safety. Rewards granted.-Resumé of Captain John Ross's

services.

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