twenty to forty young men on these occasions. . . . We are having a teetotal move at Town End, a rough part the fruit partly of our chapel lectures and school meetings, and partly of our open-air Sunday afternoon meetings. They have taken a room, and are beginning an adult night and Sunday school. About fifty riotous young men signing causes a sensation. There is quite enough to encourage us, and quite enough horrid wickedness that we have no power over."

After Philip's death, there appeared a letter in “The Manchester Examiner," from one who said that he was now advanced in years, and wished to bear his testimony to a good man by whom his character was to some extent moulded :-"It was his pride and pleasure to gather together young men of promise, not for proselytizing purposes, but in order that he might influence them for good, mentally, morally, and I may add physically. A more tender teacher and friend no youth could have, and the value of his instruction and friendship was all the greater, seeing that it was 'without money and without price.' I was one of many young men who, while differing from him in politics or in religion, yet sat at his feet, and I cannot refrain from bearing testimony to his worth as a man and a Christian. His services in establishing an industrial school in Warrington at a time of severe depression in trade merit more than a few lines in a letter; suffice it here to say that there must be many yet living who owe to him that they were plucked out of the gutter, as it were, and learnt trades, by means of which they could earn honest livelihoods, and more than that, who are indebted to him for the knowledge they possess of this world and the world to come."

Soon after Philip's school was opened, the clergy opened theirs; and altogether about eight hundred young persons of both sexes received instruction, and were partially fed. When they were closed, the working-men held a meeting, to which J. Fielden, Esq., M.P., the champion of the Ten Hours' Bill, was invited, at which they presented a testimonial to the rector and to Philip: the rector had a medal; Philip,

*The Hon. and Rev. H. Powis, afterwards Bishop of Sodor and Man: he died soon after Philip.

by request, a Bible. In his private pulpit-record he noted: "October 22. 'We are unprofitable servants' (Luke xvii. 10). As this was the first day of using the Bible given me by the factory people, I thought it a proper day for this sermon, which I had long intended to write."

He had added the instruction of private pupils to his other labours. These were checked in February, 1849, by an attack of illness, which kept him a month from his duties. He was restored by a visit to the water-cure establishment at BenRhydding, and henceforth practised and recommended parts of the hydropathic treatment. On his way home, he visited his friend Mr. G. Buckton at Leeds, to whom he wrote (April 2): "My sister was waiting to receive me, and a whole bevy of Sunday scholars to bear off my bags and parcels in triumph. I have kept well since I came here: was just in time to christen a new bridge that had been made during my absence at our bathing-place, and am ordered by the doctor a dripping sheet in the afternoon. It was very pleasant to meet them all on Sunday: the school seemed in a most prosperous condition, and the congregation very fair. The new houses are up to the second story, and altogether all things seem prospering, especially the influx of the Irish and—the smells!"

Those houses were the parsonage and the adjoining house,* in the planning of which, for health and comfort, he had taken great interest. They faced a new street, Cairo Street, from which the congregation made a new entry to the buryingground and chapel, formerly approached from Sankey Street. Unfortunately, in making these improvements, the trustees had not been duly consulted; and Philip had the first experience of those divisions which saddened his ministry.

This spring, I resigned my ministry at Bridgwater, where (for the previous year) I had declined accepting the rents from beer-houses on the chapel property, which excited some painful

* From want of space in the wood-engraving on the opposite page, most of the house adjoining the parsonage has been omitted, and the burial-ground (between the chapel and the school-room) has been shortened, which makes the school-room appear too small. The committee-room (over which was Philip's printing-office) is behind the school-room.

feeling, though it led the congregation to resolve no longer to let those houses for such a purpose. Philip took a deep interest in this controversy. After a visit to him, I went to America for a year's tour, early in August, and thus lost the opportunity of accompanying him and two of his pupils, at the end of that month, to the Peace Congress at Paris (1849), of which he wrote a very full description.

"All Folkestone was assembled to see us off, and a fine sight it really was to see two steamers, filled with some seven hundred people, crossing the waters, on a mission of peace to the land of our old enemies." At Boulogne they did not learn till too late that the French Government, for the first time, had given instructions that nothing belonging to the deputation should be opened at the Custom-House. He found that many of his companions were teetotalers, and he was glad to be of use to those who were less familiar with French than himself. The Hall of the National Assembly had been offered for the meeting at Paris, but it was not large enough; and from sixteen hundred to eighteen hundred persons met in the Salle de St. Cécile, Rue de la Chaussée d'Antin. Victor Hugo presided. Philip was very much interested with the appearance of the meeting, and with the varieties of French oratory. Messrs. Vincent and Miall made excellent speeches; and M. Coquerel, a member of the National Assembly, gave the substance of them in French. The next day was the anniversary of St. Bartholomew. Some one sent up a note to that effect to an eloquent curé who was speaking, but he made no reference to it. "Cobden made a good speech in French, and two blacks from America, who were very warmly received. Victor Hugo, in his winding-up speech, spoke splendidly in reference to the Massacre of St. Bartholomew. We gave great hurrahs at the end, and the Frenchmen their bravos, and the great assembly of two thousand persons broke up. [On Saturday] evening, the Ministre des Affaires Étrangeres gave a grand soirée by invitation. We went about eight o'clock, and were conducted through a suite of rooms to the room of state, grandly gilt and illuminated. . . . M. Coquerel kindly intro

...

duced me to Madame; she spoke English very well. . . . When the rooms were too full we turned out into the gardens, which were beautifully illuminated."

On Monday the Government invited them to a display of the fountains at Versailles and St. Cloud, which was said to have cost about £500, and to have been an honour previously accorded only to sovereigns. To the exhibition at St. Cloud none but the delegates were admitted. "The gardens are à l'Anglaise and very beautiful. We went through them three abreast, and enjoyed it intensely after the stiffness, dust, and crowding of Versailles. A jet about a hundred feet high, in the middle of the woods, pleased me most. Then came the grandest of all the sights. After the beautiful sunset tints in the woods, we descended by the light of torches to the bottom of the cascades. Here was a hill, perhaps sixty feet high, surrounded by trees, and completely covered by illuminated lamps arranged in steps; then the water began to fall over them, and descended to the bottom. The effect was most magical, and when they burnt coloured lights, the shades on the trees, with the distant moon, were magnificent.”

Although these compliments were paid to the Peace Congress, it was evident that the war-spirit was rampant. Ruins bore witness to the Revolution of the preceding year. On the Sunday the President had a grand review in the Champs de Mars. "I got quite sick," Philip wrote, "of military hospitals and barracks, and cannot imagine how France can bear it. The city was full of soldiers. The Luxembourg, Hotel de Ville, and numerous other public buildings are turned into barracks; and all the public honour and taste is directed to them."

He devoted himself with his usual energy to the various sights of Paris. He went to Père-la-Chaise on a Sunday, and was much interested with the simple inscriptions. Then "we left the rich people's part to see the humbler places. Here were small graves huddled close together; but each one covered with a garden, and having a black cross with inscription, and generally a number of yellow and white garlands, and