sally, will be disappointed in Mr. Kenyon's satire, which is aimed, in the true feeling of a noble nature, at vices, not at individuals. We have no room, however, for specimens of the polished raillery which the ephemeral topics of the poem call forth; but must close our extracts with one of the fugitive pieces, that form the latter half of the volume.

66 THE BROKEN APPOINTMENT.

"I sought at morn the beechen bower,
Thy verdant grot;

It came, it went, the promised hour, -
I found thee not.

Light zephyrs from the quivering boughs
Soon brushed the transient dew;
Then first I feared, that Love's own vows
Were transient too!

"At eve I sought the well-known stream
Where, wont to rove,

We breathed so oft, by twilight gleam,
Our vows of love;

I stopped upon the pleasant brink,
And saw the wave glide past;
Ah me! I could not help but think
Love glides as fast.

Mr. Kenyon, in his Preface, expresses the natural longing after immortality, intimated by the "Non omnis moriar" of Horace; a natural desire, indeed, but one that we do not see often uttered in our day, or even in modern times. Milton, it is true, consoled himself under disappointment and disgrace, with the generous confidence, that he had given birth to something, that "after-times would not willingly let die." But how few, like the blind poet of "Paradise Lost," would be content, had they his genius, — to spurn delights, and live laborious days, for the guerdon of immortality! How few, who do not rather thrust the sickly blossoms of their fancy into the world, crude and half-opened, without vitality to outlast a summer!

What is the reason, that this generous solicitude for an undying name should have been felt, or, at least, expressed, so much more earnestly by the ancients than the moderns? Is it, that the former, in their philosophical skepticism as to another world, sought some compensation from prolonged existence in this? Or that something of the same generous spirit which led the individual of that day to merge his existence, as it were, in that of the public, also suggested to him the desire to blend his being, as far as possible, with the intelligences of after ages? Or, finally, that the narrow sphere, which circumscribed a reputation, previously to the rapid and boundless multiplication of copies by the art of printing, induced the poet of antiquity, in his ambition of a wider theatre, to fix his gaze more steadily on the dark, distant, interminable future? In our own day, the immense audience thrown open to the popular poet, the rapid and almost simultaneous vibrations which, now that the press affords the means, attest his power, in the most distant parts of the community, and last, not least, his solid golden gains, all combine to satisfy his desires, shutting out the delusive thoughts of the dim and uncertain future. The English author, from his little speck of an island, scarcely visible on the map, sends forth his voice on the wings of the wind, and it is heard by his countrymen, almost simultaneously, in every region of the globe, in islands and continents unknown to antiquity; empires, which the arms and the arts of his nation have subdued; and countries which, if independent of her rule, still speak her language, and resort to the well of English undefiled, as the perennial spring of their own literature.

And is not this a theatre vast enough for ambition? Yet, the "Non omnis moriar" feeling, the dread of annihilation, will recur, the fond hope, that the thought now fluttering into being, shall find its way down, and mingle with the souls of the good and the wise of future generations. It is impossible to predict what may be the fate of a writer with this same Posterity. Or rather, it is very possible to predict, with the comfortable assurance, that such prediction cannot be discredited in our own day. We cannot but think, that Jupiter will listen to one half of our author's prayer, should he give the other to the winds; and that there are poems in this collection, of too much excellence for "after-times" (to quote again the words of the blind old bard) to "willingly let die."

D.L. Childs

ART. V.1. Traité complet sur le Sucre Européen de Betteraves, Traduction abrégée de M. ACHARD; par M. D. ANGAR. Précédé d'une Introduction et accompagné de Notes et Observations; par CH. Derosne. Paris, 1812.

2. Mémoires sur le Sucre de Betteraves; par M. le Comte CHAPTAL. 3° édit. Paris, 1822.

3. Traité complet de la Fabrication du Sucre de Betteraves, par DUBRUNFAUT. Paris, 1825.

4. Faits et Observations sur la Fabrication du Sucre de Betteraves, et sur la Distillation des Mélasses; par C. J. A. MATHIEU DE DOMBASLE.

5. Traité de la Fabrication et du Raffinage des Sucres de Cannes et de Betteraves; par M. PAYEN. Paris, 1832. 6. Notice sur la Fabrication du Noir Animal; par J. S. CLÉMONDAT. Paris, 1832.

7. Bulletin du Procédé de Macération pour la Fabrication du Sucre de Betteraves; par C. J. A. MATHIEU DE DOMBASLE.

Paris, 1832.

8. Manuel du Fabricant et du Raffineur de Sucre de Cannes et de Betteraves; par MM. BLANCHETTE et ZOEGA. 2e édit., augmentée et enrichie de Planches ; par M. JULIA DE FONTENELLE. Paris, 1833.

9. Rapport fait au Nom de la Commission, chargée d'ex

aminer le Projet de Loi sur les Sucres; par M. DuMON, Député de Lot-et-Garonne. Séance du 8 Mai,

1837.

10. Manual of the Art of Making and Refining Sugar from Beets, Translated from Portions of the Treatise of MM. BLANCHETTE and ZOEGA. Boston, 1836. 11. Notice of the Beet Sugar, translated from the Works of DUBRUNFAUT, DE DOMBASLE, and OTHERS. Northampton, 1837.

12. Cane Sugar and Beet Sugar; EDINBURGH REVIEW, April, 1837, Art. V.

13. Mulberry and Beet Sugar; Report of the COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE of the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES; April 20th, 1838. 14. Report and Bill to Encourage the Manufacture of Indigenous Sugar. By a COMMITTEE of the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF MASSACHUSETTS, May 20th,

1837.

WITHIN the present century has commenced a revolution, which may prove to be of very different importance from what has yet generally been supposed, in respect to a leading article in the commerce and domestic economy of civilized men. It has now arrived at a stage, at which it furnishes some data for answering the questions, how far it is likely to proceed, and what are to be its permanent effects upon the employment, subsistence, comfort, and wealth of nations.

The commercial and economical importance of sugar is of modern date. It was known to the Greeks and Romans, as a medicinal substance, but not as food or a condiment. Herodotus informs us, that the Zygantes, a people of Africa, had, "besides honey of bees, a much greater quantity made by men." This was probably sugar, but not brought to a state of crystallization. Nearchus, the admiral of Alexander, "discovered concerning canes, that they make honey without bees." Megasthenes, quoted by Strabo, speaks, 300 B. C., of "India stone, sweeter than figs and honey." Theophrastus, in a fragment preserved by Photius, describes sugar as "a honey contained in reeds." Eratosthenes, also cited by Strabo, and after him, Terentius Varro, are supposed to have meant sugar-canes by "roots of large reeds growing in

India, sweet to the taste, both when raw and when boiled, and affording, by pressure, a juice incomparably sweeter than honey."

Near the commencement of the Christian era, sugar was first mentioned under an appropriate name and form. "In India and Arabia Felix," writes Dioscorides, "a kind of concrete honey is called saccharon. It is found in reeds, and resembles salt in solidity, and in friableness betwixt the teeth." After this, so learned a man as Seneca fell back into fable on this subject. His account is this; "It is said that in India honey is found on the leaves of reeds, either deposited there by the dews of heaven, or generated in the sweet juice and fatness of the reed itself." Pliny, whose special study led him to look more carefully into the matter, gives all that the ancients knew about it, and a little more. 66 'Arabia," he observes, "produces saccharum, but not so good as India. It is a honey, collected on reeds, like the gums. It is white, crumbles in the teeth, and when largest is of the size of a hazel-nut. It is used in medicine only." Afterwards Archigenes mentioned it, as "India salt, resembling common salt in color and consistency, but, in taste and flavor, honey." Galen calls it sacchar, and says it was "a production of India and Arabia the Blest." The author of the "Periplus of the Erythræan Sea" includes it, under the name of sacchari, in a list of articles, constituting the commerce between hither India, and the ports of that sea.

If the assertion, that sugar was used in antiquity as a medicament only, needed confirmation, we might find it in the fact, that the subject is not mentioned except by physicians and men of universal learning, nor with tolerable precision except by the former. None of them allude to any artificial process in the preparation of it. Elian, about the middle of the second century, is the first who mentions the use of mechanical art in the extraction of the juice of the cane, and he is likewise the first who attempts to fix the seat of its culture. He tells us, that sugar is "honey pressed from reeds, which are cultivated by the Prasii, a people dwelling near the mouth of the Ganges."

The Jewish histories make no mention of sugar. The only sweet condiment, used by the Hebrews, was honey. But it may have been in part "honey made by men"; for