catachresis, 615; quoted also, 82, 437", 480, 482, Otis, James, referred to, 553.

502, 530, 54), 632, 634, 639.
Mitford on the spelling of English, 227.
Mixed origin of words, 419.

Mode defined, indicative, subjunctive, potential,'

Ottava rima, 671.
Ou in English, 214.
Ovid quoted, 615.

imperative, infinitive, 332; in Anglo-Saxon, Pair-words, see Reduplicate forms.
333; characteristics of, 334; conjunctive, 334;

Palatals, 124, 182.

infinitive, 335; number possible, 336; number Paley quoted, 502, 507.

in foreign tongues, 336; of syllogism, 466.
Mongolian, words from, 418.

Montgomery quoted, 497.

Months, names of, 435.

Moore quoted, 615, 622, 635, 6-13, 644, 653.

collocation of, 482.

Parable, 559.
Paradox, 611.

Paragoge, 160.
Paragraph, 697.
Paraleipsis, 600.
Parallels, 702.
Paranomasia, 601.

Parenthesis, 68S.

Participials, nouns, 244; verbs, 337, 538, 330
syntax of, 520, 521; sentences, 539, vi.

Partitives, 280, 485.

Parts of speech, 240, 241, 460+.
Pathetic, 614.

Patronymics, 423, 424.

Penn quoted, 492.

Percival, illusive etymologies, 422.

Period, 539, 613, 685.

Peroration, 614.

Persian numerals, 15, 31, 35; comparison in, 272;
words from, 418.

Person, in pronouns, 283, 283, 291, 292; Latham
of, 308; in verbs, 323.

Nominative case, 256; rules for syntax of, 451; Personification, 602.

Norman-French, see French.

Perspicuity, 609-611.
Petitio principii, 474.

Norse, 55; article, 287; reflective, 503; partici- Philological Society's Transactions quoted, 502.

ples, 338; adverbs, 360; roots, 386.

North American Review quoted, 551.
Norton, Mrs., quoted, 633, 637.

Norwegian, 53.

Notional words, 241, 243, 265, 278, 318.

Noun, etymology of, 243-264; defined, 240, 241,|
243; classification, 244; gender, 245-249; num-
ber, 250-255; case, 256-264; relation to prop-
osition, 461.

Nuces philosophica quoted, 490, 503.

Number defined, 250; plural, how formed, 251;

Phoenician, 29; alphabet, 215; words from, 415,
416.

Phonetic elements in English, table of, 118-122,
169; organic production of, 123; in combina-
tion, 132-137; incompatible combinations, 135;
characteristic in English, 123, 157; not in En-
glish, 128.

Phonology, 108-175; comparative, 128-131.
Pictish, 61.

Picture writing, 215.

Piers Plowman, use of worth, 346.

double forms of plural, 252; foreign forms, Pinkerton, improvement of English euphony, 168.
253; nouns with no plural, plural only, com- Pitman on inconsistent spelling, 225.
pounds, proper names, titles, 254; in ancient Pitt, eloquence of, 559.

languages, 255; dual, 255; of verbs in En- Plato on thought and speech, 239.
glish, Anglo-Saxon, etc., 324.

Numerals, 241, 278-281; rules for syntax
494; collocation, 494.

Obelisk, 702.

Platt Deutsch, 54.

of, Pleonasm, 480, 612.

Organs of speech, 109.
Ormulum, 222,

Orosius, 66.

Pliny, origin of alphabet, 218.
Poetical forms, 616-680; license, 633.

Polish, 57; euphony of, 164; words from, 418;
proper names, 434.

Polynesian, 27; words from, 418.

Pope, veneration of old authors, 227; use of me-
thought, 359; use of deep, 366; use of myself,
500; use of indeterminate pronoun, 504; use
of humanly, 548; quoted, S2, 437*, 488, 498,
502, 550, 578, 552, 584, 6G8, 615, 618, 622, 624,
642, 655.

Porteus quoted, 502.

Portuguese, 40; gender in, 247; elements of En-
glish, 383; disguised derivatives, 405; words
from, 414, 415; double forms, 420; illusive
etymologies, 422; proper names, 434.

Orthoepy defined, 165; in relation to phonetic
elements, 169; to syllabification, 170; to ac-
cent, 171; to quantity, 172. See Pronunciation.
Orthography, definition, 177; relation to ortho-
epy, 178; a perfect system, 179, 180; ortho- Pracrit, 34.
graphical forms in English, 177-238; ortho- Predicables, 443.
graphical expedients, 222; in what it consists, Predicate, 239, 449–451, 479, 535.
223; diversities in, 224; inconsistencies in, Predicative combination, 532.
225; reformation of, 226, 227; doubtful, 228;
how decided, usage, 229; normal use of letters,
230; silent letters, 231; relation to etymology,
232; analogies of English, 233; tendencies of
English, 235.

Possessive case, 256+ (see Case); pronouns, 302;
syntax of, 453; collocation of, 484; attributive,
partitive, analytic, 485.

Prefixes, Teutonic, 391; Latin, 396, 404; Roman-
ic, 405; Greek, 396, 412; Hebrew and Chaldaic,
417; to proper name, 435. See also in the
Index of Words,
Premiss, 465+

794

Preposition, 240, 241, 371, 462; list of, 372;
phrases, 372; origin of, 373; nature and office
of, 374; syntax of, 526; collocation, 527.
Prepositive pronouns, 311.

Prescott quoted, 450.

Present tense, 326; participle, 337, 338.
Priestly, of possessives, 302.

Priscian, of modes, 336.

Pritchard, origin of Celts, 46.

Pronomen reverentiæ, 299, 301, 499.

Rhetorical forms, definition, 552, 564; relation to
grammar and logic, 564, 567; value of, 565
aesthetics, 566; rules for, 569; study of, 570;
;
figures of speech, 571-608; perspicuity, 609-
G11; liveliness, 612; rhetorical sentence, 613;
parts of a discourse, 614; analysis, synthesis,
615.

Rhombic stanza, 675.

Rhyme, 623, 632; imperfect, 624; single, double,
Pronoun, 240, 241, 288, 461; Becker's view, 28S;
triple, 625; middle, 6.6; sectional, 627; in-
classification, 289; extent, 290; value, 291; Richardson, derivation of reduplicate forms, 389.
personal, 292; tables of, 293; declension in Robert of Gloucester quoted, 50.
verse, 625; royal, 670.
Anglo-Saxon, 294; first personal, 296; plural Rogers quoted, 488, 490.

for singular, 297; third personal, 300; its, his- Rolf, 43.

tory of, 300; German usage, 301; possessives, Rollo, 43.

302; with self, 303-306; demonstratives, 307, Romaic, relation to Greek, 10, 45.

308; relatives, 309-311; interrogatives, 312, Roman alphabet, 181, 215, 219.

313; adjective, 314; reciprocal, 315; indeterm- Romanic, origin of, 9, 10; portion of English,
inate, 316; syntax of pronominal adjectives,

405.

493; of personal pronouns, 499; of expletive, Romaunt, see Provençal.

499; pronomen reverentiæ, 409; of reflectives, Rush, classification of sounds, 117, 125.

500; of demonstratives, 501; of relative, 502; Ruskin quoted, 82, 606.

of interrogative, 503; of indeterminates, 504; Russian, origin of, 9, 55; numerals, etc., 14, 15;
of reciprocals, 505.

See Surnames.

174;

Pronunciation, 173, 174; causes of incorrect, 11
doubtful, how settled, 175.
Proper noun, 244; names, versatility of, 434;
prefixes and suffixes to, 435; of months, 436;
of days, 437.
Proposition, 239, 449-451; different kinds of, 452;
quantity and quality, 452, 455; distribution,
453; conversion, 454; opposition, 455; simple,
complex, 456; compound, 457; indefinite, 458;|
trifling, 450; identical, 459; relation to parts
of speech, 460, 461, 462, 463; relation to judg- Sarcasm, 605.
ments, 464; contraries, sub-contraries, subal-Saxon, Low, pair-words, 389.

sounds in, 180; interrogative, 313; modes in,
336; words from, 415; surnames, 424; Napo
leon and Ivan, 434.

Sanscrit dead, 10; tables of words from, 14, 15;
described, 26, 34; Grimm's law applied to, 161;
sounds in, 180; pronouns, 290, 302; demon-
stratives, 308; interrogative, 313; modes in,
336; prepositions, 373; roots, 386; prefixes,
412; words from, 418; quantity and accent in,
618.

terns, contradictories, 455; development of, 539. Saxon, Old, 54; reflective in, 303; adjective pro-

Prosody, G17.

Prosopopeia, 602.

Prosthesis, 160.

Provençal, 42.

Proverb, 603.

Provincialism, see Dialest.

Pyrrhic, 622.

Quadrivium, 439.
Quality, 452, 455.

Quantity, classic, 153; English, 154; syllabic,
153; vowel, 154, 155; dependent, independent,
156; rules for, 157; relation to accent, 158; to
orthoepy, 172; logical, 452, 455.

Quarterly Review, 499.

Questions of appeal, 451.

Scott, Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman contrast-
ed, 74; use of worth, 346; use of on, 361; ad-
jectives adverbs, 366; quoted, 489, 492, 499,
527, 530, 615, 621, 623, 636, 650, 652, 656, 658,
660.

Scottish dialect, 85, 87; article, 285; interroga-
tive, 313; pair-words, 389; illusive etymolo-
gies, 422; diminutives, 423.
Section, 698.

Self, 303-306; syntax of, 500.

Quintilian on orthography and pronunciation, Semicolon, 683.

Reciprocal, 315, 505.

Redundant letters, 182.

Reduplicate forms, 165, 359.
Reduplication, 137.

Reflective pronouns, 303, 500; verbs (6 classes),
358.

Relational words, 241, 278, 288, 307, 318, 371, 374,
375.

Relatives, 303, 310; syntax of, 502; use of article
as, 502.
Repartee, 604.

Sense of right essential to the orator, 558; good,
560.

Sentences, 476; simple, syntax of, 531-535; com.
pound, 536; co-ordinate, 537; subordinate,
538; development of, 533; periodic, loose, 613.
Servian, 164, 418, 434.

Shakspeare, language in the age of, 3; mono-
syllabic quotation from, 141: innovation in
language, 227; use of heir-apparent, 267; use
of ones, 282; use of thou, 299; impersonals in,
350; use of an if, 379; use of me expletive,
499; hisits, 499; him incorrectly used, 502;
Shall, 328.
use of indeterminate, 504; use of will, 522;
quoted, 530, 550, 582, 553, 593, 615, 622

Shenstone quoted, 651, 655.
Shemitic, 26, 29, 30, 583, 415-417.
Short metre, 678.
Sibilants, 182.

Rhetoric, relation to logic, 439; defined, 552. See Sidney, Sir Philip, quoted, 82, 305, 316, 373, 502
Eloquence.

Silent letters, 231.

Simile, 606.

Simple apprehension, 464.
Skinner, S., derivation of some pair-words, 389.
Slavonic, parent of Russian, 9; comparative ta-
ble of words, 14, 15; described, 56; euphony,
164; possessives, 302; demonstratives, 308;
interrogatives, 313; words from, 418.

Smith, Horace, quoted, 639.

Smith, Sidney, quoted, 615.
Solecism, 545, 547.

Sonants, 115, 121.

Sorites, 470.

Sound, organs of, 109; vowel, how produced,

stantive, 481-483; adjective, 400-498; pro-
noun, 499-505; verb, 506-522; adverb, 523-
525; preposition, 526, 527; conjunctions, 528-
530; simple sentences, 531-535; compound sen-
tences, 536-513; rules for choice of, 544-551;
distinguished from etymology, 470; syntactic-
al forms, concord, government, convertibility,
grammatical equivalents, sentences, 476; rela-
tions to logic, 477; figures of, 480.
Synthesis, historical, 107; phonetic, 176; ortho-
graphic, 238; etymological, 437*; syntactical,
551; rhetorical, 615; poetical, 650.
Synthetic languages, 32.

111; articulate, 113; sharp, flat, aspirate, vo- Syriac, 29; interjections, 381; elements of En
cal, 115; continuous, explosive, 116; classifica-
tion, 116, 117. See Phonetic elements.

South quoted, 683.

Southern Counties, dialects of, 20.
Southey quoted, 499, 591.

Southgate quoted, 615.

Spanish, 39, 98; article, 287; pronoun, 298; prep-
ositions, 373; element of English, 383, 405, 414,
418, 420, 422; proper names, 131

Species, 443, 444.

glisli, 383; proper names, 434.

Tacitus, of the Angli, 67; quoted, 500.
Talvi, of Slavonic, 56.
Tappan, II. P., quoted, 505.
Tartar, 31; words from, 418.
Task-poetry, 631.
Tautology, 612.

Taylor, Isaac, quoted, 543.
Taylor, Jeremy, quoted, 82.

Tennyson quoted, 645, 616, 648, 664, 066.
Terms defined, 442; distributed, 453; predica
bles, 443; relation to simple apprehension,
464; of syllogism, 466; technical, 609; equiv.
ocal, 610.

Teutonic tongues, 45-54; elements of English,
383; development of, 384; pronominal ele
ments, 385; roots, 386, 387; stem nouns, 388;

Stoddart, Sir J., on adverbs, 361; on conjunc- reduplicate forms, 389; primary derivatives,

tions, 378; reduplicate forms, 389.

Stoics, of prepositions, 371.

Strong verbs, 319.

Subalterns, 455.

Sub-contraries, 455.

Subject, 239, 449, 450, 451; grammatical and log-
ical, 478, 535.

Subjunctive pronouns, 311; mode, 332.

Subordinate sentences, 380, 538, 539.

390; secondary derivatives, 390; prefixes, 391;
compounds, 393, 394; disguised compounds,
395; comparison with classical, 396.

Theuth, 216.

Substantive (see Noun); verb, 346, 347; syntax Tooke, Horne, of parts of speech, 242; of conjunc-
of, 513.

Subtonic sounds, 117.

Suffixes, Teutonic, 390, 419; Latin, 396, 492, 419;

tions, 378, 379.

Townsend, C., eloquence of, 560.
Transitive verbs, 320.

Romanic, 405; Greek, 336, 411: Hebrew and Trigraph, 182.
Chaldaic, 417; proper names, 435. See also Triplet, 621, 666, 668.

Surnames, origin of, 424; nicknames, 424; lo- Troubadours, 43.
cal, 425; from occupations, 426; from office, Trouveres, 43.

427; from personal qualities, 428; from Chris- Tuckerman quoted, 238, 513.
tian names, 429; from natural objects, 430; Turkish, 58.

from social relations, 431; from virtues, 432; Tusser quoted, 627, 628.
miscellaneous, 433; history of, in various lan- Tyndall, use of atone, 395.
guages, 424, 434.

Surrey quoted, 81, 359.

Sussex, dialect of, 90.

U, sound in English, 214.
Unintelligible, the, 611.

Swedish, 55; comparison in, 272; pronoun, 296, Usage, rules for, 514.
298, 300; impersonal verbs, 350; prepositions,

373; conjunctions, 379; elements of English, Verb defined, 240, 241, 317, 461; substantive,
383, 414, 418; pair-words in, 389; proper names,

adjective, copula, Chinese name of, explana-
tion of name, 317; Becker's view, notional, re-
lational, 318; strong, weak, principal, auxil-
iary, substantive, adjective, primitive, derived,
reflective, defective, impersonal, 319; transi-
tive, 320; intransitive, 321; attributes of, 322;
persons of, 323; Latin, Anglo-Saxon, Old En-
glish, English inflection, 323; number, 324;
Gothic, Anglo-Saxon, 324; tense, 325-331;
modes, 332-336; participle, 337-339; conjuga.
tion, 340-360 (see also Substantive, Copula,
Strong, etc.); rules for syntax, concord, 506-
599; collocation, 510; government of transi.
tive, modal, partitive, intransitive, active for

presive, 511 collocation, 512; substantive Whewell, composite nature of English, 98; quo
verb, 513; infinitive, 514-516; imperative, ted, 550.

517; subjunctive, 518; tenses, 519; participles, Whipple quoted, 577.

520, 521; special uses illustrated, 522.

Verbosity, 612.

Verse, 621.

Virgil quoted, 618

Vision, 593.

Vocal sounds, 115.

Voice, 320.

Voltaire, 601.

Vortigern, 64.

Wicklyffe quoted, 81; use of herun, ouren,

use of me, 316; use of whom, 503

Wilberforce, oratory of, 554.
Wilcox quoted, 615.

Will, use of, 328.

Will necessary to the orator, 563.

Willis, Prof., experiments on sound, 166.
Wilson, Prof., quoted, 492, 641, 680.
Winthrop, R. C., quoted, 615.

Vowels, how produced, 111; discussed, 182; vow-Wiseman, of possessives, 302.
el play in Teutonic roots, pair-words, deriva- Wither quoted, 675.
tives, 163.

W, sound of, in English, 214.

Withington quoted, 615.
Wolfe quoted, 680.
Wolsey, 499.

296;

Walker, continuous and explosive sounds, 116; Woolsey, President, on Romanic languages, 70.
accent, 357.

Wallachian, 41.

Words, onomatopoetic, 3; the daughters of men,
18; that burn, 19; fossil poetry, 21; notional
or relational, 241; winged, 216, 615; word-
matching, 629.

Wordsworth quoted, 282, 525, 615.

Y, peculiar sound of, in English, 214.
Yorkshire dialect, SS.

Young, use of first-last, 394; quoted, 034

Z, peculiar sound of, in English, $14.
Zend numerals, 15; described, 35; sounds m

129.
Zendavesta, 35,

Western Counties, dialects of, 91.
Whately, of Horne Tooke, 242; participles, 338; Zeugma, 480.
logic, 441; abstraction, 445; relation of mental Zoroaster, 35.
states to logical forms, 464.

Errata-Gerund, 515, 559. Supine, 529.

THE END.