Sewage Disposal Works: A Guide to the Construction of Works for the Prevention of the Pollution by Sewage of Rivers and Estuaries

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C. Griffin, limited, 1890 - 277 páginas
 

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Página 84 - ... per cent of sewage, we are led, in each case, to the inevitable conclusion that the oxidation of the organic matter in sewage proceeds with extreme slowness, even when the sewage is mixed with a large volume of unpolluted water, and that it is impossible to say how far such water must flow before the sewage matter becomes thoroughly oxidised.
Página 272 - A MANUAL OF MACHINERY AND MILLWORK : Comprising the Geometry, Motions, Work, Strength, Construction, and Objects of Machines, &c. Illustrated with nearly 300 Woodcuts, Crown 8vo, cloth.
Página 16 - Any liquid which contains, in 100,000 parts by weight, more than one part by weight of sulphur, in the condition either of sulphuretted hydrogen or of a soluble sulphuret. (h) " Any liquid possessing an acidity greater than that which is produced by adding two parts by weight of real muriatic acid to 1,000 parts by weight of distilled water.
Página 17 - ... 4. That most rivers and streams are polluted by a discharge into them of crude sewage, which practice is highly objectionable. "5. That so far as we have been able to ascertain, none of the existing modes of treating town sewage, by deposition and by chemicals in tanks, appear to effect much change beyond the separation of the solids and the clarification of the liquids.
Página 118 - I need not follow this head any further, except to remark that in February 1887 I submitted a report upon the subject to the Society of Arts in London, in which I conclusively proved that in no single instance out of nearly 100 cases in which sewage has been utilised by broad irrigation, had any fact been proved to establish the allegations of ' insanitariness ' which are sometimes raised against them.
Página 24 - ... 3. That the sewage from the northern outfall is discharged partly over the foreshore, and 'not as was originally intended, " through submerged pipes terminating below low-water mark ; " this arrangement increasing the risk of nuisance from the discharge. 4. That the discharge of the sewage in its crude state, during the whole year, without any attempt to render it less offensive by separating the solids or otherwise, is at variance with the original intention, and with the understanding in Parliament...
Página 82 - Whenever and wherever there is decomposition of organic matter, whether it be the case of an herb or an oak, of a worm or a whale, the work is exclusively done by infinitely small organisms. They are the important, almost the only, agents of universal hygiene; they clear away more quickly than the dogs of Constantinople or the wild beasts of the desert the remains of all that has had life...
Página 18 - With regard to the various processes based upon subsidence, precipitation, or filtration, it is evident that by some of them a sufficiently purified effluent can be produced for discharge, without injurious result, into water-courses and rivers of sufficient magnitude for its considerable dilution;* and that for many towns, where land is not readily obtained at a moderate price, those particular processes afford the most suitable means of disposing of water-carried sewage.
Página 111 - Raising sewage to the boiling point entirely prevents it undergoing nitrification. The heating of soil to the same temperature effectually destroys its nitrifying power. Finally, nitrification can be started in boiled sewage, or in other sterilized liquid of suitable composition, by the addition of a few particles of fresh surface soil, or a few drops of a solution which has already nitrified, though without such addition these liquids may be freely exposed to filtered air without nitrification taking...
Página 26 - SECOND REPORT. 1. Our opinion of the evils described in our First Report, as resulting from the present system under which sewage is discharged into the Thames by the Metropolitan Board of Works, is much strengthened, and we believe these evils imperatively demand a prompt remedy.

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