History of the Intellectual Development of Europe: Vol. II

action advance Age of Faith Age of Reason Alhazen altogether animals appear Arabian Arabs asserted astronomical authority Averroes became become bishops bodies Boniface brought carbonic acid cause century cerebrum Christendom Christian Church clergy condition considered Constantinople council countries Crusades direction discovery doctrine earth ecclesiastical emperor England Europe European existence facts force forms France Galileo ganglia Greek heat heresy heretic Holy human ideas individual influence intellectual Italian Italian system Italy Jews khalifs King learned light living manner mechanical ment Mohammedan moral motion movement nations nature nervous never organic papacy papal passed Philip the Fair philosophical physical physician planet political pontiff pope present principle progress reason Reformation relations religious respecting result Roman Rome Saracens scientific social solar system Spain stars succession temperature theory things thousand tion transubstantiation true truth universe University of Paris