THE

AMERICAN JOURNAL

OF

SCIENCE AND ARTS.

EDITORS,

JAMES D. AND E. S. DANA, AND B. SILLIMAN.

ASSOCIATE EDITORS,

PROFESSORS ASA GRAY, WOLCOTT GIBBS AND
J. P. COOKE, JR., OF CAMBRIDGE,

PROFESSORS H. A. NEWTON, S. W. JOHNSON, G. J. BRUSH
AND A. E. VERRILL, OF NEW HAVEN,

PROFESSOR GEORGE F. BARKER, OF PHILADELPHIA.

THIRD SERIES.

VOL. XVI.—[WHOLE NUMBER, CXVI.]

Nos. 91-96.

JULY TO DECEMBER, 1878.

WITH EIGHTEEN PLATES.

NEW HAVEN: J. D. & E. S. DANA.

1878.

Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor, Printers, New Haven.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME XVI.

NUMBER XCI.

ART. I.-Contributions to Meteorology; by ELIAS LOOMIS.

Ninth Paper. With Plates I, II and III,

II.-Acoustic Repulsion; by V. DVORAK,-

III-Artificial Crystals of Gold and Gold Amalgam; by

A. H. CHESTER,

IV.—On a new and remarkable Mineral Locality in Fairfield

County, Connecticut; with a description of several new

species occurring there; by G. J. BRUSH and E. S. DANA.

First Paper,.--

V.-On Dinitroparadibrombenzols and their Derivatives; by

P. T. AUSTEN,-

VI.-Effect of Temperature upon Atmospheric Electricity;

by H. GOLDMARK,..

VII.--A method of recording Articulate Vibrations by means

of Photography; by E. W. BLAKE, Jr.,

Page

1

22

29

33

46

52

54

VIII.--Suggestions for a Telephonic Relay; by O. N. ROOD, 59

SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.

Chemistry and Physics.-Microphone of Hughes, 60.-Boiling Point of Sulphuric

Acid of various strengths, LUNGE: Substitution of Sulphur for Oxygen in the

Fatty Series. DUPRÉ, 63.-Synthesis of Oxindol, BAEYER: Aldehydines, a new

Class of Bases, LADENBURG, 64.-Preparation and Properties of Invertin, BARTH,

65.-Occurrence of Allantoin and Hippuric acid in the Urine of a Dog, SAL-

KOWSKI: Coloring Matter of the Shells of Birds' Eggs, LIEBERMANN: Chemistry

in Space, 66.-Studies in Spectrum Analysis, by J. N. LOCKYER, 68.

Geology and Mineralogy.-Terrace Levels in Pennsylvania, by J. P. LESLEY, 68.—

Cretaceous and Tertiary of Charleston, S. C., VOGDES, 69.-Yucatan Coral Reefs

and Cuba elevated coral rock: Richmond Bowlder Trains, BENTON: Cleveland

Shale in Delaware County, Ohio, by L. E. HICKS, 70.-Jurassic fossils in the

Coast Range of British Columbia, 71.—Thesaurus Devonico-Carboniferus, 72.

Botany and Zoology.-Native Flowers and Ferns of the United States, by THOMAS

MEEHAN, 72.-Monographia Metzgeriæ, LINDBERG: Bryineæ Acrocarpæ, LIND-

BERG: Ferns of Trinidad, A. FENDLER: Flora Brasiliensis, 74.-Monograph of

the Genus Lilium, by H. S. Elwes, 75.-Beiträge zur Keimungsgeschichte der

Schizæaceen, H. BAUKE: Aschenkrankheit und Blattflechenkrankheit der Citro-

nenbäume, by F. VON THUMEN, 76.-Bulletin of the United States Geological

and Geographical Survey of the Territories, 77.

Astronomy.-Observations of Comets made at the Sheffield Observatory of Yale

College, by H. A. HAZEN and W. BEEBE, 77.

Miscellaneous Scientific Intelligence.-Japanese Earthquakes, HATTORI, 80.—Ameri-

can Association at St. Louis, Aug. 21, 81.—Catalogue of Scientific Serial Publi-

cations: Principles of Machine construction, by E. TOMKINS: Geological Survey

of Victoria, by F. McCoy: Paleozoic fossils of New South Wales, by L. G.

KONINCK: Mineralogische und petrographische Mittheilungen, G. TSCHERMAK:

Marine Zoological Laboratories, 82.-Microscopical Society of San Francisco:

Earthquake of the South American Coast felt at the Russian Observatory at

Pulkowa: Probable Distribution of a Spider by the Trade Winds, H. C. McCOOK:

Polymicroscope, 83.-The Telephone for Deaf Persons: New Works, 84.

NUMBER XCII.

Page

ART. IX.-Forest Geography and Archæology; by A. GRAY, 85

X. Structure and Origin of Mountains; by J. LECONTE, 95

XI.-Occurrence of a Solid Hydrocarbon in the Eruptive

Rocks of New Jersey; by I. C. RUSSELL,

XII.-On a new and remarkable mineral locality in Fairfield

112

County, Connecticut; with a description of several new

species occurring there; by G. J. BRUSH and E. S. DANA, 114

XII bis. Transit of Mercury, May 5-6; by L. TROUVELOT,- 124

XIII.-Discovery of a new Planet; by C. H. F. PETERS,.... 129

XIV. "Indurated Bitumen" in cavities in the trap of the

Connecticut valley, from the Report of J. G. PERCIVAL, 130

SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.

Chemistry and Physics.-Underground Temperatures, 132.-Law of Solid Vol-

umes, SCHRÖDER: Flame Temperatures, ROSETTI, 135.-Production of Ozone,

Hydrogen peroxide and persulphuric acid by Electrolysis, BERTHELOT: Poly-

iodides, JOHNSON, 136.-Ponsælion and Cyanone, THOMPSON: Atomic Weight

of Gallium, BOISBAUDRAN, 137.-Hexoylene, prepared from Mannite, HECHT:

Phytosterin, HESSE, 138.

Geology and Mineralogy.-Geological results of the Polar Expedition under Sir

George Nares, 139.-Paleontological results of the same, 140.-Geological Sur-

vey of Pennsylvania, 142.-Eruptive copper-bearing rocks of Lake Superior, 143.

-Rock Salt at Wyoming in Western New York: Wilcox Spouting Water-Well,

C. A. ASHBURNER, 144.-Superficial Geology of British Columbia. 147.-Geologi-

cal Survey of Canada, 148.-Fossil Fishes from the Trias of New Jersey and

Connecticut: Stromatopora, 149.-Section of the Alps, etc.: Révue de Géologie,

150.-Terrains Crétacés et Tertiares: Sigillaria lepidodendrifolia Brgt., 151.—

Flora Fossilis Helvetia and Flora Fossilis Arctica: Mineralogy and Lithology of

New Hampshire: American Minerals, König, 152.-Rocks of Quincy: Ionite,

S. PURNELL, 153.-Tridymite, 154.-Crystallization of Silica: Mineralogical

Society of France: Analcite, 155.

Botany and Zoology.-Two new Fern-books. 155.-Catalogue of Phænogamous and

Cryptogamous Plants, 156.-Native Flowers and Ferns in the United States:

Zoological Distribution, and some of its difficulties, SCLATER, 157.-Corals of

the Atlantic, 159.

Miscellaneous Scientific Intelligence.-Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences,

159.-National Microscopical Congress: Geographical Surveys west of the 100th

Meridian, 161.-Vereinigten Staaten von Nord Amerika: Report upon Forestry,

162.-Bulletin of the Bussey Institution: The Speaking Telephone, etc.: The

Naturalist's Directory: Fownes's Elementary Chemistry: Cincinnati Society of

Natural History: Glaciers of the Western Himalayas, 163.-Total Solar Eclipse

of July 29, 164.

Obituary.-Wm. M. Gabb: Baron von Bibra: A. von Ettingshausen, 164.

NUMBER XCIII.

Page

ART. XV.-On the Origin of Comets; by H. A. NEWTON,.. 165

XVI. On the Animal of Millepora alcicornis; by WILLIAM

180

NORTH RICE,

XVII.-Forest Geography and Archæology; by ASA GRAY, 183

XVIII.—Notes on Antimony Tannate; by ELLEN SWALLOW

RICHARDS and ALICE W. PALMER,-

196