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In this Class the sounds of the ee in feet and of the a in fate (spelled ea or a) are changed into o or 00. All the words with Secondary forms will appear again in class viii.

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1. In this Class the sound of the ee in feet and the a in fate (spelled ea) is changed into a.

2. In speak, cleave, steal, the ea has the same power with the ee in freeze and seethe.

3. The same view may be taken of the ea in break, bear, tear, swear, wear. In these words the ea was or is, to a greater or less extent, pronounced like ee or e.

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Here the a in fate is changed either into o in note or oo

in book.

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In this Class we find the Secondary forms accounted for by the difference in form between the Singular and the Plural numbers.

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With

In this Class the Vowels are short (dependent) throughout, with the exception of bind, find, grind, and wind. the exception of run and burst, the vowel of the Present Tense is either i or e.

Choose, Chose,

THIRTEENTH CLASS.

Chosen.

GENERAL STATEMENTS.

§ 295. I. Besides the verbs which are strong in both languages, there are other verbs which are strong in the AngloSaxon, but weak in the English; as, Ceorf, cearf, wade, wad, Anglo-Saxon; Carve, carved, wade, waded, English. II. Many strong verbs become weak, while no weak verb becomes strong. III. All the strong verbs are of Saxon origin; none are classical. IV. The great number of them are strong throughout the Gothic tongues. V. No new word is ever, upon its first introduction, inflected according to the strong conjugation. It is always weak. As early as A.D. 1085, the French word Adouber-dubb, was introduced into the English. Its preterite was dubbade. VI. All Derived verbs are inflected weak. The Intransitive forms, drink and lie, are Strong; the Transitive forms, drench and lay, are Weak.

§ 296. OBSOLETE FORMS.-Instead of lept, slept, mowed, and snowed, we find, in the Provincial dialects and in the older writers, the strong forms lep, slep, mew, snew, &c. Here there are two forms, and each form is of a different conjugation.

DOUBLE FORMS.-In lep and mew we have two forms, of

which only one is current. and climbed, and in hung and hanged, we have two forms, In swoll and swelled, in clomb of which both are current. forms, of which there are two kinds: 1. Those like swoll and These latter are true Double swelled, where there is the same Tense, but a different Conjugation. 2. Those like spoke and spake, where the Tense is the same and the Conjugation the same, but where the

form is different.

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1. I shall take.

Singular.

1. We took.

Plural.

2. Ye or you took.

3. They took.

Future Tense (Predictive).

Plural.

1. We shall take.

2. Thou wilt take, you will take. 2. Ye or you will take.

3. He will take.

Singular.

1. I will take.

3. They will take.

Future Tense (Promissive).

Plural.

1. We will take.

2. Thou shalt take, you shall take. 2. Ye or you shall take.

3. He shall take.

3. They shall take.

Singular.

Present Perfect Tense.

Plural.

1. I have taken.

1. We have taken.

2. Thou hast taken, you have taken. 2. Ye or you have taken.

3. He has taken.

3. They have taken.

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