because it is a festival; but under the demands of human nature, these animals may be killed.

Is it lawful to preserve for a whole year the sacrament that has been consecrated in Passion week? Answer: Let it be preserved in a clean vessel; but when the priest administers it to a sick man, let him add a little wine to it.

Is it lawful, in administering the communion to the sick, to add water to the wine? Answer: The wine alone is sufficient.

Is it lawful to administer the sacrament to demoniacs and to insane persons? Answer: Let their mouths only be touched with the sacrament.

Is it lawful for a priest, who has a wife in child-bed, to repeat prayers over her as he would over the wives of laymen? Answer: No,-for that custom is not retained in Greece, unless in case no other priest can be found.

What should be eaten on the day of the exaltation of the holy cross? Answer: Monks may not eat fish; but laymen, who have that day kissed the holy cross, may eat meat, unless it happen to fall on Friday or Wednesday.

Are little infants to receive the communion after baptism? Answer: They may receive it in the church during the performance of service, or while vespers are being sung.

What kind of food is to be eaten during the great fast? Answer: On Sundays and Saturdays, fish; but on other days, ikhri, that is, fishes' entrails. In the great week, monks should cat honey, and drink kwas, that is, acid water.

In the consecration of the Kuthia, how many wax-lights should be burned? Answer: Two for the souls of the dead, three for the health of the living.

How should Kuthia be made? Answer: Three parts should be of cooked barley, the fourth of peas, beans, and vetches, also cooked. It should be seasoned with honey and

1 Seven lines are here omitted.

sugar; other condiments may also be used if they are at hand. This Kuthia is to be used in the church after the performance of funerals.

When may Bulgarians, Poles, and Czudi,' be baptized? Answer: After forty days' fasting, and prayers of purification being said over them; but if it be a Sclavonian, he need only fast eight days; but let the priest who baptizes a child well gird up his sleeves, lest while he dips the child anything from the baptismal font remain upon his vestment. A woman after child-birth shall not enter a church for forty days.

Is it lawful to enter the dwelling of a woman in childbed? Answer: No one must enter the place where a woman has been delivered till after three days, for as unclean vessels are carefully washed, so should that dwelling be first purified by prayers.

Should persons be buried after sun-set? Answer: No one should be buried after the setting of the sun; for it is the crown of dead men to see the sun before they are buried. But he is most deserving who buries the bones of the dead and ancient images under the ground.

*2

If any paper containing sacred writings happen to be torn and thrown upon the ground, is it lawful to walk over that spot? Answer: No.

1 The north of Europe and also of Asia seem alike to be the country of the Czudi; at all events, one can recognize no essential difference between them and the Huns who came from Tartary under Attila and spread themselves over Western Europe. It is perhaps to this resemblance to the Huns that they owe the name given to them by all foreigners, that of Finns (in Latin, Fenni), but which they themselves do not recognize.-Schnitzler, Essai d'une Statistique générale de l'Empire de Russie.

2 Eleven lines are here omitted.

Is it lawful to use the milk of a cow on the same day that she has calved? Answer: No; because it is mixed with blood; but after two days it may be used.

1

How is a man who has divorced his wife to do penance? Answer: Let him keep perpetual abstinence from the eucharist, except upon his death-bed.

Is it lawful to any one in life to undergo the ceremony of the burial of the dead for the health of his soul? Answer: It is lawful.

May husband and wife assist each other in performing Answer: No; but a brother may assist a

penance.

brother.

Ought a priest to undertake sacred duties on the same day that he has buried and kissed a dead person? Answer: He ought not.

Ought a woman in child-bed, whose health is despaired of, to have the communion administered to her? Answer: Only provided she be removed from the place where she was delivered, and be washed.

2

Is it lawful to offer prayers in a church immediately after dinner or supper before going to sleep? Answer: Which is better, to sleep or to pray?

May a priest approach a sick man and administer the sacrament to him without wearing his sacerdotal robe? Answer: He may.

*3

May a woman take the advice of old women how she may conceive? Answer: Women, who by the advice of old crones, use herbs to produce conception instead of going to priests who might assist them with their prayers, shall do penance six weeks, and pay three griffnas to the priest. If 3 Ten, ditto.

1 Fifteen lines omitted.

2 Five, ditto.

a drunken man injure a pregnant woman so as to produce miscarriage, he shall do penance half a year. Midwives also shall absent themselves eight days from church, and in the interim be purified by prayers.

Baptism.

The mode of baptizing is as follows:-When a child is born, a priest is immediately sent for, who, standing before the door of the child-bearing woman's dwelling, repeats certain prayers, and gives the child its name. Afterwards, generally on the fortieth day, if the child happen to be ill, he is brought into the church and baptized, and is dipped three times entirely into the water, otherwise they would not consider him baptized. He is then sprinkled with the chrism, which is consecrated in the holy week, and lastly he is sprinkled with myrrh, according to their account.

The baptismal water is consecrated for each separate child, and is always poured away after the baptism outside the door of the church. Children are always baptized in the church, unless the distance be too great, or the cold injurious to the child: they never use warm water, except for sickly children.

Sponsors are adopted at the choice of the parents; and while the priest precedes them with certain words, they spit upon the ground for every time that they renounce the devil. The priest also cuts off some hairs' from the child's head, and mixes them with wax, and lays them up in a certain spot in the church. They use neither salt nor saliva in the mix

ture.

1 Dr. King, quoting from Simeon of Thessalonica says:-"The hair is offered by the baptized person to Christ, as a sort of first fruits, as the sacrifice of his body, the hair being as it were the exhalation of the whole body: the chief priest therefore does not carelessly throw it away, but lays it apart in a sacred place."

L

Here follows a Bull of Pope Alexander,

IN WHICH THE ORDINANCE OF BAPTISM AMONG

THE RUSSIANS IS FULLY DESCRIBED.

The Bishop Alexander, servant of the servants of God, for a perpetual remembrance. The loftiness of the divine wisdom, which no human reason can grasp, always originating out of the essence of its boundless goodness something for the welfare of the human race, produces and brings it to light at that convenient season which God himself, by a secret mystery, knows to be the suitable one; in order that men may know that they can do nothing by their own merits as of themselves, but that their salvation and every gift of grace proceeds from the supreme God himself, and from the Father of light. Truly it is not without great and lively joy in our mind that we have heard that some Russians in the Duchy of Lithuania, and others living according to the Greek ritual, but in other respects professing the Christian faith, dwelling in the cities and dioceses of Wilna and Kiev, Lukov' and Medniki, and other places in the same duchy, have, by the illumination of the Holy Spirit working in them, expressed a desire utterly to reject from their minds and hearts some errors which while living in the ritual and custom of the Greeks they have hitherto observed, and to embrace the unity of the Catholic faith and of the Latin Roman Church, and to live according to the ritual of the said Latin and Roman Church. But as they have been

1 A small town in Poland, six leagues south of Siedlec, and five northeast of Radzyn. Though it has only about twenty thousand inhabitants, of whom a large proportion are Jews, it contains a castle, several churches, and a college.

2 A little town in the government of Wilna on the banks of the Varvitza. It is the residence of a Catholic bishop, who calls himself Bishop of Samogithia.