ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA A DICTIONARY OF ARTS, SCIENCES, LITERATURE AND GENERAL INFORMATION ELEVENTH EDITION VOLUME XXVIII VETCH to ZYMOTIC DISEASES NEW YORK THE ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA COMPANY 1911 RFA 50.23 (28) 7F32 FOGG ART MUSEUM Copyright, in the United States of America, 1911, by The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. INITIALS USED IN VOLUME XXVIII. TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTORS,1 WITH THE HEADINGS OF THE ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME SO SIGNED. ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE. See the biographical article: SWINBURNE, ALGERNON CHARLES. Webster, John. A. B. Go. A. C. S. Barrister-at-law, Middle Temple. Charity Commissioner for England and Wales. Formerly Assistant-Secretary to the Board of Education. Fellow of All Souls' College, Oxford, 1874-1881. Author of English Schools at the Reformation; &c. ALBERT FREDERICK POLLARD, M.A., F.R.HIST.S. Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. Professor of English History in the University of London. Assistant-Editor of the Dictionary of National Biography, 1893-1901. Author of England under the Protector Somerset; Life of Thomas Cranmer, Herry William of Wykeham. Wheatear; Whitethroat; Wigeon; Woodcock; Yukon Territory. Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, Textiles in the Victoria and Albert Museum; &c. ANDREW SETH PRINGLE-PATTISON, M.A., LL.D., D.C.L. Professor of Logic and Metaphysics in the University of Edinburgh. Gifford 1 A complete list, showing all individual contributors, appears in the final volume. ་་ A. W. H. A. W. Hu. Formerly Scholar of St John's College, Oxford. Bacon Scholar of Gray's Inn, 1900. Widukind; Witan. REV. ARTHUR WOLLASTON HUTTON. Rector of Bow Church, Cheapside, London. Formerly Librarian of the National ALEXANDER WOOD RENTON, M.A., LL.B. Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. Editor of Encyclopaedia of the Laws BENJAMIN ELI SMITH, A.M. Wiseman, Cardinal. Editor of the Century Dictionary. Formerly Instructor in Mathematics at Amherst Whitney, William Dwight. Associate of the Institute of Naval Architects. Secretary of the International Yacht Racing Union; Secretary of the Yacht Racing Association. Yachting SIR CHARLES NORTON EDGCUMBE ELIOT, K.C.M.G., M.A., LL.D., D.C.L. Vice-Chancellor of Sheffield University. Formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford. H.M.'s Commissioner and Commander-in-Chief for the British East Africa Yue-chi. Protectorate; Agent and Consul-General at Zanzibar; Consul-General for German CHARLES FRANCIS ATKINSON. Formerly Scholar of Queen's College, Oxford. Captain, 1st City of London (Royal Wilderness: Grant's Campaign. CHARLES FRANCIS KEARY, M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge. Author of The Vikings in Western Christendom; Viking. CARLTON HUNTLEY HAYES, A.M., PH.D. Assistant Professor of History in Columbia University, New York City. Member See the biographical article: TOY, CRAWFORD HOWELL. CHARLES LETHBRIDGE KINGSFORD, M.A., F.R.HIST.Soc., F.S.A. Assistant-Secretary to the Board of Education. Author of Life of Henry V. Editor Professor of Modern History in the University of Birmingham. Formerly Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, and University Lecturer in the History of Geography. Zemarchus. Lothian Prizeman, Oxford, 1889. Lowell Lecturer, Boston, 1908. Author of CHARLES WALKER ROBINSON, C.B., D.C.L. Major-General (retired). Assistant Military Secretary, Headquarters of the Army, 1890-1892. Governor and Secretary, Royal Military Hospital, Chelsea, 1895- Author of Essays in Musical Analysis: comprising The Classical Concerto, The Wagner: Biography (in part) DAVID GEORGE HOGARTH, M.A. Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, and Fellow of Magdalen College. Fellow DAVID HANNAY. Formerly British Vice-Consul at Barcelona. Author of Short History of the Royal Weber: Critical Appreciation. Zeitun. Professor of Botany, Royal College of Science, London, 1885-1892. Formerly Williamson, William Crawford, DAVID RANDALL-MACIVER, M.A., D.Sc. Curator of Egyptian Department, University of Pennsylvania. Formerly Worcester |